Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Exercise Testing and Prescription > Week 3 > Flashcards

Week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Best practices when assessing client

A
  • Choose appropriate fitness assessment battery given client’s goals and history
  • Ensure testing location and equipment is appropriate
  • Explain purpose of each test protocol and relate it to client’s goals/health
  • Avoid pushing client beyond their limit
  • Delay providing advice until entire assessment is completed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Considerations for body composition testing and prescription

A
  • Sex and age
  • Body image and eating disorders
  • Scales vs other signs of progress
  • Types of fat and explaining the role of each
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Differences in fat distribution based on sex

A
  • More evenly distribution in females
  • Gut focused in males
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Visceral fat

A
  • near organs
  • essential for insulation, protection and fuel
  • excess puts you more at risk
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Body composition and age

A

At 30 there is an increase in fat mass and decrease in lean mass (mostly muscle, some bone density after menopause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Direct methods of measuring body comp

A

MRI, CT, DXA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Indirect methods of measuring body comp

A

LAB BASED
- Hydrostatic weighing
- BodPod
FEILD METHODS
- skin folds
- BIA
- BMI
- Waist circumference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

A
  • Body is placed in a strong magnetic field resulting in some of the hydrogen protons becoming realigned
  • When magnetic field is turned off, hydrogen protons lose thier alignment and release energy
  • This energy release varies depending on tissue type and is monitored and displayed along length of body
  • radio waves used to read ion patterns
  • Can reconstruct 3D image
  • Not whole body measure (can’t give you %BF)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Computed Tomography (CT)

A
  • Uses x-rays passed through the body with detectors on other side of body to monitor transmitted radiation
  • transmitter rotates 360 degrees around body along length of body
  • more accurate determineation of visceral adipose than MRI
  • can reconstruct 3D
  • Not whole body measure
  • Not recommended due to radiation dose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA

A

GOLD STANDARD
- low dose x-rays with two distinct energy peaks, one peak is absorbed mainly by soft tissue and the other by bone
- attenuation of X-rays is dependent on tissue density and chemistry
- estimate bone mineral, fat and lean soft tissue
- accounts for individual variability in bone mineral content
- can give %BF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Components of Two component model of body comp

A
  1. Fat
    - Visceral
    - subcutaneous
  2. Fat-Free Mass
    - Residual Chemicals
    - Bone
    - Muscle
    - Water
    - Organs/tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Two component model for measuring body comp

A
  • Use a measure of body density to estimate %BF
  • Population specific equations due to variations in proportion of water and minerals in FFB
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 5 assumptions that the two component model for estimating BF% is based on

A
  1. Density of fat same for everyone
  2. Density of FFB same for everyone
  3. No individual variations in density
  4. Density of FFB components are constant and proportions are constant
  5. Individuals only differ from reference body in amount of fat: assume 73.8% water, 19.4% protein, 6.8% mineral
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Densitometry

A

uses density to determine %BF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hydrostatic weighing

A
  • Used to determine body density and percent fat
  • previously considered “Gold standard”
  • weight loss under water is proportional to volume of water displacement
  • BV=BM-UWW
  • BV must be corrected for air in lungs after maximal expiration and GI volume
  • Db = BM/BV
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Methodological errors with hydrostatic weighing

A
  • Fixed body density values for fat mass and FFM
  • Inaccurate estimation of residual volume
  • Failure to eliminate trapped gas
  • failure to liberate air trapped in bathing suit or body hair
  • failure to exhale to true residual volume
  • variability in temp
17
Q

Air displacement plethysmography (BodPod)

A
  • Air displacement to estimate volume
  • uses pressure volume relationship
  • need to account for hair, thoracic gas volume and body surface area
18
Q

BodPod make up and procedure

A
  • Front and rear chamber connected by diaphragm
  • Oscillations produce volume changes = pressure changes
  • Body volume is calculated from difference with and without client
    1. Measure p and v by adjusting diaphragm
    2. client goes in
    3. uses pressure changes by moving diaphragm to estimate v
    4. differences in v calculated
19
Q

Skinfold calipers measurement

A
  • measure thickness of subcutaneous adipose tissue
  • prediction equations have been developed
  • skill required
  • not for use with obese clients
20
Q

Assumptions with skinfold measurements

A
  • SKF is a good measure of subcutaneous fat
  • Distribution of fat subcutaneously and internally is similar for an individual within each sex
  • Sem of several skinfolds can be used to estimate total body fat: there is a relationship between sum of SKF and DB
21
Q

What is the cut off for SKF

A

BMI >30
- especially if WC males>102 cm and >88cm

22
Q

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)

A
  • Simple non-invasive technique: estimate total body water
  • Low level electrical current passes through the body and measures impedance or resistance to the current
  • FFT provides less resistance to electrical current: lower R = lower % BF
  • Methodological error - level of hydration
  • Similar accuracy to SKF
  • measures resistance and reactance
23
Q

Resistance

A

opposition to current flow

24
Q

Reactance

A

Opposition to current flow caused by capacitance produced by cell membrane

25
Q

BMI

A
  • ratio of body weight divided by height squared
  • estimate of body comp
  • Classification: obese, overweight and underweight
  • identify individual at risk for obesity related disease and monitor changes in body fatness
  • does not account for composition of BW
    -affected by age, ethnicity, body build and frame size
26
Q

Waist circumference

A
  • Measure focuses on the centralized vs. a general pattern of fat distribution
  • Abdominal fatness is a more important determinant of health outcomes than overall body fatness
  • Individuals with a WC above specific thresholds for men and women are at further elevated risk of coronary events and diabetes in each BMI category
    -A high WC is also a marker for high risk among persons of normal weight
27
Q

What increased risks are associated with increase WC

A

more likely to have hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome regardless of weight status

Exercise Testing and Prescription (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions