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Gereontology > Week 3 > Flashcards

Week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What assessments are involved in an ear examination

A
  • Cerumen Impaction
  • Whisper Test
  • Weber and Rinne test
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2
Q

What are you looking for in an oral examination?

A
  • Ulcers
    poor oral hygiene
  • Oral Thrush
  • Xerostomia
    *Dental Carries
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3
Q

What is an oral ulcer caused by?

A

may be caused by nutritional deficiencies

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4
Q

What may cause dental carries?

A

Poor oral hygeine (this can be painful)

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5
Q

What is oral thrush and what may it be caused by?

A

overgrowth of yeast that may be caused by steroid inhalers

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6
Q

What is xerostomia?

A

a dry mouth often caused by medication

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7
Q

What are some neurological disorders that an elderly person may experience?

A

stroke, Parkinson’s, peripheral neuropathy, herniated disc, arthritis, MS

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8
Q

What are cranial nerves 9 and 10

A

the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves

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9
Q

How do you test cranial nerve 9 and 10?

A
  • Phonation “ah”
  • Swallowing
  • Gag reflex
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10
Q

What is cranial nerve 7

A

The facial nerve

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11
Q

How do you test cranial nerve 7?

A
  • Facial symmetry
  • Ability to raise eyebrows, frown, smile, close eyes tightly, puff out cheeks
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12
Q

What are cranial nerves 3,4 and 6

A

oculomotor, trochlear and abducens

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13
Q

how do you test cranial nerves 3, 4 and 6

A
  • Light pupillary response
  • Extra-ocular movement (six cardinal positions of gaze)
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14
Q

What is the cerebellum responsible for?

A

coordination

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15
Q

what can effect cerebellar function?

A

Disorders such as alcohol misuse, stroke, tumor, brain degeneration, MS, and certain medications (i.e., benzodiazepines, antiepileptics) can cause cerebellar dysfunction

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16
Q

what are findings that can come from cerebellar dysfunction?

A
  • Nystagmus- a vision condition in which the eyes make repetitive, uncontrolled movements
  • Action tremor
  • Dysmetria in upper or lower extremities – i.e., rapid alternating movements, finger-finger, finger-nose, heel- shin
  • Gait ataxia- difficulty walking in a straight line, lateral veering, poor balance, a widened base of support, inconsistent arm motion, and lack of repeatability
17
Q

How do you measure visual acuity with a snellen chart?

A
  • Snellen Chart
  • Assess from 20 meters (6
    feet) away
  • Assess right and left eye
18
Q

What is the Step test and what is a normal range for it?

A
  • Step: The distance from one heel strike to the next contralateral heel strike
  • Normal: About 72 cm
19
Q

What is the stride test and what is the normal range?

A
  • Stride: The distance covered from one heel strike to the next ipsilateral heel strike (2 steps) *Normal: About 144 cm
20
Q

What is the cadence (step rate) test and what is it’s normal range?

A
  • Cadence (step rate): Number of steps per unit of time
  • Normal:90-120steps/minute
21
Q

What is the gait speed test?

A
  • Gait speed: Distance covered in a given amount of time
  • TUG Test
22
Q

what is the step or base width test and what is the normal findings

A
  • Step or base width: The lateral distance between the heel centers of two consecutive foot contacts
    * Normal:5-10cm
23
Q

What are symptoms of Parkinsonsim

A

parkinsonian gait
slowed movement
reduced arm swing
rigidity
freezing
postural instability
shuffling steps
postural instability
asymmetric resting tremor
mask like face

24
Q

Go through the rating system of the strength assessment for a patient (1/5, 1/5, 2/5, 3/5, 4/5, 5/5)

A

0/5: no contraction
1/5: muscle flicker, but no movement
2/5: movement possible, but not against gravity
3/5: movement possible against gravity, but not against resistance by the examiner
4/5: movement possible against some resistance by the examiner
5/5: normal strength

25
Q

With a reflect assessment, what is a 0, 1+, 2+, 3+, 4+?

A

0= no response
1+ = a slight but definitely present response
2+ = a brisk response; norma;
3+ = a very brisk response
4+ = clonus (involuntary and rhythmic muscle contractions caused by a permanent lesion in descending motor neurons)

26
Q

in a reflex assessment, which grade of reflex is considered normal?

A

2+

27
Q

In a cardiovascular assessment, what abnormalities are you looking for?

A

-edema
-PVD
-Murmurs
-Jugular Venous Pulse

28
Q

In a respiratory assessment what are you looking at?

A
  • Respiratory rate
  • Auscultate lungs
  • Cap refill, digital clubbing, peripheral cyanosis
  • Posture
  • Stigmata of COPD
29
Q

In an abdominal assessment what are you looking out for?

A
  • Pain
  • Distention
  • Masses
  • Palpable bladder
  • Rectal exam if constipated

Gereontology (6 decks)

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