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C++ > Week 3 > Flashcards

Week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Data type for logical high and low data values (i.e., true or false)?

A

Bool

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2
Q

Value 0 evaluates as which Boolean value?

A

False

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3
Q

Value of anything other than zero evaluates as which Boolean value?

A

True

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4
Q

Order in which statements are executed in a program is referred to as?

A

The flow of control

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5
Q

The ordinary flow of control is?

A

Sequential

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6
Q

A statement used to alter the ordinarily sequential flow of control?

A

Control structure

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7
Q

An expression used by a control structure to determine the flow of control?

A

Branching condition

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8
Q

Control structure used to change flow of control between different alternatives?

A

Selection or branching

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9
Q

A statement of data values compored using logical operators is known as?

A

Logical expression, or assertion

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10
Q

Characteristics of the bool data type?

A

It holds only true or false, which are constants, and reserved words

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11
Q

Operators used to compare values in relational expressions are known as?

A

Relational operators

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12
Q

Relational operator == checks for?

A

Equality between to values

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13
Q

Relational operator != checks for?

A

Inequality between two values

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14
Q

Relational operator > checks for?

A

Greater than relationship

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15
Q

Relational operator < checks for?

A

Less than relationship

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16
Q

Relational operator => checks for?

A

Greater than or equal to

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17
Q

Relational operator =< checks for?

A

Less than or equal to

18
Q

Chars are logically compared in what way?

A

Alphabetically, according to ASCII

19
Q

Mixed type relational expressions are not always safe because?

A

Of implicit type coercion by the compiler

20
Q

Bools compared with numerical data types evaluate as?

A

0 and 1

21
Q

When comparing strings, one of them must be?

A

An identified string object as opposed to a literal C string

22
Q

When comparing nonidentical strings, which string is considered less than the other?

A

The string where the first nonidentical character in both strings comes earlier in the ASCII table, or whichever is smaller if they match to the end of one of the strings

23
Q

The fundamental control structure in C++ is?

A

The if statement

24
Q

If statements evaluate a relational expression how?

A

If true else if false

25
Q

What common algorithm uses if else statements?

A

Input validatiob

26
Q

If a branching condition contains no relational operators, what is the behaviour?

A

Evaluates true if result not zero or null

27
Q

If an if block contains another if block, how’s this referred?

A

Nested if

28
Q

Nested ifs can be formatted…?

A

if
else if
else if
…
else

29
Q

Logical operator && refers to?

A

AND operation

30
Q

Logical operator || refers to?

A

OR operation

31
Q

Logical operator ! refers to?

A

NOT operation, or inverse

32
Q

If statements should only lead into else if clauses if?

A

The conditions are interdependent, or mutually exclusive

33
Q

The final else is in an if else statement is called?

A

Dangling else

34
Q

The dangling else is connected to which statement?

A

The most recent if statement that doesn’t have a connected else statement

35
Q

What kind of evaluation methodology does C++ use for logical expressions?

A

Short-circuit evaluation

36
Q

What is short circuit evaluation?

A

Evaluation in left to right order, which short circuits as soon as the compiler calculates the Boolean value for the entire expression

37
Q

Which mathematical operation equates to the AND operator in Boolean algebra?

A

Multiplication

38
Q

Which mathematical operation equates to the OR operation in Boolean algebra?

A

Addition

39
Q

Which mathematical operation relates to the NOT operation in Boolean algebra?

A

Unary subtraction

40
Q

Where do relational operators, the assignment operator and logical operators come in the order of precedence?

A
  1. Unary, *, %, /
  2. > < => =<
  3. == !=
  4. &&
  5. ||
  6. !
  7. =
41
Q

Why is it not appropriate to check equality between floating point numbers?

A

Because tiny inaccuracies (due to the calculation and storage methods of real numbers) mean that rarely are two floating point numbers the same

42
Q

How is it better to check for float equivalence?

A

std::fabs(a-b) > 0.00001
Where fabs (floating point absolute value) function returns difference

C++ (8 decks)

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