WEEK 3 Flashcards
Frueds life
- Born and raised in Austria
- Lower class Jewish Family
- Outcast
Studied medicine/MD - Private practice in psychiatry
Key concepts of Frued
- The Freudian outlook on human nature is deterministic. It
maintains that an individual’s personality is fixed largely by the age of six. - People do not have free will; rather their behaviour is
determined by innate drives that have to do with sex and
aggression or love and death. - A great deal of Freud’s determinism also deals with how one is raised by one’s parents
What is Eros /Libido
sexual drive (later called “Life instincts”) –> human driving force, innate human urges
creative energies, motivation towards growth development and creativity
What is Frueds ‘Thanatos (Death Instinct) ‘
destructive energies– aggressive drive
Managing the aggressive drive is a major challenge in human behaviour
Freud’s view is that Libido and Death instinct both operate in humans determine what they do and why
What is Frueds ‘Conscious’
rational reality awareness
What is Frueds ‘unconscious’
Dreams of symbolic representations of unconscious needs, inner conflicts, unfulfilled wishes, Id-Superego conflicts, slips of the tongue (Freudian slips), free association material, symbolic content of psychotic symptoms. Repressed material
hat is Frueds ‘preconscious’
habits, denial, habitual repetitive patterns we are semi-aware of
What is the ID
the ‘child’ – ruled by the Pleasure Principle, original system of personality at birth,
* The seat of the instincts, needs and wants
* Pleasure principle seeks to reduce tension, avoiding pain and gaining pleasure
* ID is largely unconscious or out of awareness
What is the superego?
the ‘parent’ – ruled by the Moral Principle,
* Judicial part of the personality,
* Superego aims to inhibit the id impulses
* Idealistic and moral intentions “ good or bad “ and
* “ right or wrong “ thinking , striving for perfection
* internalisation of parental and societal values and aims
What is the ego?
the ‘adult’ – ruled by the Reality Principle
* The executive part of the personality – governs and controls and regulates personality
* Controls consciousness and checks and controls impulses from the Id
* Seat of rational intelligence
* Distinguishes between inner and outer reality of experience
What is Psychosexual Development
Stages focused on the satisfaction of sexual
drives through erotogenic zones of the body
* Emphasizes influences on childhood
development
* Is age related
* Deprivation or overindulgence leads to Fixation
* Childhood stages and parental figures have a
significant impact on the adult personality
* Root of dysfunctionality and pathology,
attachment
In psychosexual Development what is the oral stage
1st year
Safety, love, fear, nurturing, can later be related to mistrust/rejection, ability or fear of forming trusting relationships
In psychosexual Development what is the anal stage
1-3 years
related to power, control, autonomy, learning, independence, express negative feelings,
rage, aggression
In psychosexual Development what is the phallic?
3- 6 years
related to sexual attitudes, gender identification, (parental attitudes to the child’s emerging sexuality – influences in adult life
In psychosexual Development what is the latent stage?
6-12 years
development of social skills, friends, social identity
In psychosexual Development what is the genital stage
12 - continuous
core characteristics of mature adulthood, creative investment of sexual energies into relationships, caring for others, education, profession, art music etc
What are ego defense mechanisms?
- Normal behaviours to help cope with anxiety
- Help person moderate anxiety – adapt to feedback, learning, in order to develop
- Prevent the Ego from being overwhelmed by guilt, shame, anxiety
- Protect the Ego (“protect face”)
What are the ego defense mechanisms ?
projection
reaction formation
sublimination
introjection
compensation
repression\
denial
regression
rationalisation
identification
displacement
What is projection?
attributing unacceptable behaviour to others
What is reaction formation
expressing the opposite
What is Sublimation?
diverting psychic energies into more acceptable channel
What is Introjection: (pos. or neg):
Internalizing values from parents or teachers, therapist
What is Compensation:
masking perceived weakness, making up for limitations in
other areas (focusing on accomplishments rather than on
weakness)
What is repression?
exclusion from awareness
What is denial
denial or distortion of reality,fear of ego overwhelm
What is regression
everting to an earlier life stage
What is Rationalisation
inding reasons for explaining “ bruised ego”
What is identification
loss of personal identity
What is discplacment
shifting to a safer target
What is resistance ?
- One of the cornerstones of psychoanalysis.
- Uncomfortable thoughts and feelings rise to surface–that is, become conscious–a patient will automatically resist the self-exploration that would bring them fully into the open because of the discomfort associated with these powerful emotional states that are not registered as memories, but experienced as fully contemporary transferences.
- Intensity is too great – must therefore use various defences to avoid the emotional intensity
- Examples – changing topic, falling into silence, abandoning treatment
- These signal the possibility that a patient is unconsciously trying to avoid threatening thoughts and feelings, and the analyst would then encourage the patient to consider what these thoughts and feelings might be and how they continue to exert an important influence on the patient’s psychological life.
- Psychoanalysts consider resistance to be one of their most powerful
tools, as it acts like a metal detector, signalling the presence of buried material.
What are theraputic techniques?
- free association
- dream analysis
- Transference
- counter-transference
- resistance
- interpretation
What is Free Association:
facilitation of uncensored revelations of client’s thoughts and feelings
What is Dream Analysis
exploring the latent content of clients’ dreams
What is Transference:
working through of the clients’ personal reactions to
the therapist
What is Counter-transference:
therapist’s processing of his/her reactions to the client
What is Resistance:
evidence of clients’ avoidance to develop
What is interpretation
therapist offering of deeper meanings and explanations to client revelations
