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summer scholars > week 3 > Flashcards

week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What cell secretes glucagon

A

pancreatic alpha cells

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2
Q

what cell secretes insulin

A

pancreatic beta cells

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3
Q

Define diabetes type 1

A

failure to produce insulin

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4
Q

Define diabetes type 2

A

insulin resistance

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5
Q

what is the time frame of the fed state

A

4 hours after eating

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6
Q

what is the time frame of the fasted state

A

16-24 hours after eating

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7
Q

what is the time frame of the starved state

A

more than 1 week

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8
Q

what is incretin

A

a hormone that enhances insulin secretion, decreases BG

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9
Q

what muscle does the sciatic nerve run through

A

piriformis

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10
Q

what is the action of the piriformis

A

external rotation, abduction, and hip extension

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11
Q

what are the attachments of the piriformis

A

anterior surface of the sacrum and the greater trochanter

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12
Q

what is the action of the quadratus lumborum

A

lateral flexion of the trunk

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13
Q

what are the attachments of the quadratus lumborum

A

iliac crest and L1-L5 and 12th rib

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14
Q

what is the action of the hamstring

A

extends the hip and flexes the knee

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15
Q

what are the attachments of the hamstring

A

ischial tubersosity

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16
Q

what is the action of the psoas

A

flexes the hip

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17
Q

what are the attachments of the psoas

A

t12-l5 and joins iliopsoas ligament.

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18
Q

This type of collagen is tough, thick, fibrous proteins

A

Type 1

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19
Q

what type of collagen is most common (skin, fibrous, and elastic cartilage)

A

Type II

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20
Q

What type of collagen forms reticular fibers (liver, spleen, etc)

A

Type III

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21
Q

What type of collagen is the basal lamina

A

Type IV

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22
Q

What is the main fiber in connective tissue, forms bundles

A

collagen fibers

23
Q

what are the thin, branching fibers composed of elastin protein

A

elastic fibers

24
Q

What are the Type III collagen, forms a meshwork

A

Reticular fibers

25
Q

What type of osteoporosis is by far the more common, occurs in postmenopausal women and elderly people of both sexes

A

primary

26
Q

what type of osteoporosis is a disorder associated with a defined cause including a variety of endocrine and genetic abnormalities

A

secondary

27
Q

What type of primary osteoporosis is caused by an increased in osteoclast

A

Type I

28
Q

What type of primary osteoporosis reflects decreased osteoblast function

A

Type II

29
Q

What hormone increases blood calcium levels; stimulates activity of osteoclasts and increases their numbers

A

parathyroid

30
Q

what hormone decreases blood calcium levels; reduces the numbers and activity of osteoclasts

A

calcitonin

31
Q

What is prevalence

A

proportion of people affected with a disease

32
Q

What is incidence

A

the risk/odds of developing some new condition within a specified period of time

33
Q

equation of prevalence of disease

A

diseased total/ total

34
Q

what is sensitivity

A

proportion of all people with disease who test positive

35
Q

what is the equation of sensitivity

A

true positives/ true positives + false negatives

36
Q

what is specificity

A

proportion of all people without disease who test negative

37
Q

what is the equation of specificity

A

true negative / true negatives +false positives

38
Q

what is accuracy

A

how close the measured data is to the actual value

39
Q

what is precision

A

who tightly grouped the data are or finely tuned the measurements are

40
Q

under what circumstance would you really want to minimize the false positives

A

costs are high, risk of follow up therapy are high, the disease itself is not life threatening

41
Q

when would you want to minimize the false negatives

A

disease is serious, disease easily spreads form one person to another.

42
Q

how long does short acting insulin lasts

A

4-6 hours

43
Q

how long does intermediate insulin lasts

A

10-16 hours

44
Q

how long does long acting insulin lasts

A

24 hours

45
Q

how long does rapid acting insulin lasts

A

3-4 hours

46
Q

What is types of collagen is in fibrocartliage

A

type 1 and 2

47
Q

What type of collagen is in elastic cartilage

A

type 2

48
Q

what type of collagen is in hyaline cartilage

A

type 2

49
Q

what type of cartilage is in the epiglottis

A

type 2, elastic

50
Q

what type of cartilage is in the pubic symphis, mensice, and iv discs

A

type 1 and 2, fibrocartilage

51
Q

what type of cartilage is in trachea

A

type 2, hyaline

52
Q

headache etiology nerves

A

trigeminal nuclei (c2-c3)

53
Q

migraines WITH nausea etiology nerve

A

vagus nerve

54
Q

What are the side effects of sulfonylureas

A

hypoglycemia and weight gain

summer scholars (3 decks)

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