week 3

Question 1

What cell secretes glucagon

Answer 1

pancreatic alpha cells

Question 2

what cell secretes insulin

Answer 2

pancreatic beta cells

Question 3

Define diabetes type 1

Answer 3

failure to produce insulin

Question 4

Define diabetes type 2

Answer 4

insulin resistance

Question 5

what is the time frame of the fed state

Answer 5

4 hours after eating

Question 6

what is the time frame of the fasted state

Answer 6

16-24 hours after eating

Question 7

what is the time frame of the starved state

Answer 7

more than 1 week

Question 8

what is incretin

Answer 8

a hormone that enhances insulin secretion, decreases BG

Question 9

what muscle does the sciatic nerve run through

Answer 9

piriformis

Question 10

what is the action of the piriformis

Answer 10

external rotation, abduction, and hip extension

Question 11

what are the attachments of the piriformis

Answer 11

anterior surface of the sacrum and the greater trochanter

Question 12

what is the action of the quadratus lumborum

Answer 12

lateral flexion of the trunk

Question 13

what are the attachments of the quadratus lumborum

Answer 13

iliac crest and L1-L5 and 12th rib

Question 14

what is the action of the hamstring

Answer 14

extends the hip and flexes the knee

Question 15

what are the attachments of the hamstring

Answer 15

ischial tubersosity

Question 16

what is the action of the psoas

Answer 16

flexes the hip

Question 17

what are the attachments of the psoas

Answer 17

t12-l5 and joins iliopsoas ligament.

Question 18

This type of collagen is tough, thick, fibrous proteins

Answer 18

Type 1

Question 19

what type of collagen is most common (skin, fibrous, and elastic cartilage)

Answer 19

Type II

Question 20

What type of collagen forms reticular fibers (liver, spleen, etc)

Answer 20

Type III

Question 21

What type of collagen is the basal lamina

Answer 21

Type IV

Question 22

What is the main fiber in connective tissue, forms bundles

Answer 22

collagen fibers

Question 23

what are the thin, branching fibers composed of elastin protein

Answer 23

elastic fibers

Question 24

What are the Type III collagen, forms a meshwork

Answer 24

Reticular fibers

Question 25

What type of osteoporosis is by far the more common, occurs in postmenopausal women and elderly people of both sexes

Answer 25

primary

Question 26

what type of osteoporosis is a disorder associated with a defined cause including a variety of endocrine and genetic abnormalities

Answer 26

secondary

Question 27

What type of primary osteoporosis is caused by an increased in osteoclast

Answer 27

Type I

Question 28

What type of primary osteoporosis reflects decreased osteoblast function

Answer 28

Type II

Question 29

What hormone increases blood calcium levels; stimulates activity of osteoclasts and increases their numbers

Answer 29

parathyroid

Question 30

what hormone decreases blood calcium levels; reduces the numbers and activity of osteoclasts

Answer 30

calcitonin

Question 31

What is prevalence

Answer 31

proportion of people affected with a disease

Question 32

What is incidence

Answer 32

the risk/odds of developing some new condition within a specified period of time

Question 33

equation of prevalence of disease

Answer 33

diseased total/ total

Question 34

what is sensitivity

Answer 34

proportion of all people with disease who test positive

Question 35

what is the equation of sensitivity

Answer 35

true positives/ true positives + false negatives

Question 36

what is specificity

Answer 36

proportion of all people without disease who test negative

Question 37

what is the equation of specificity

Answer 37

true negative / true negatives +false positives

Question 38

what is accuracy

Answer 38

how close the measured data is to the actual value

Question 39

what is precision

Answer 39

who tightly grouped the data are or finely tuned the measurements are

Question 40

under what circumstance would you really want to minimize the false positives

Answer 40

costs are high, risk of follow up therapy are high, the disease itself is not life threatening

Question 41

when would you want to minimize the false negatives

Answer 41

disease is serious, disease easily spreads form one person to another.

Question 42

how long does short acting insulin lasts

Answer 42

4-6 hours

Question 43

how long does intermediate insulin lasts

Answer 43

10-16 hours

Question 44

how long does long acting insulin lasts

Answer 44

24 hours

Question 45

how long does rapid acting insulin lasts

Answer 45

3-4 hours

Question 46

What is types of collagen is in fibrocartliage

Answer 46

type 1 and 2

Question 47

What type of collagen is in elastic cartilage

Answer 47

type 2

Question 48

what type of collagen is in hyaline cartilage

Answer 48

type 2

Question 49

what type of cartilage is in the epiglottis

Answer 49

type 2, elastic

Question 50

what type of cartilage is in the pubic symphis, mensice, and iv discs

Answer 50

type 1 and 2, fibrocartilage

Question 51

what type of cartilage is in trachea

Answer 51

type 2, hyaline

Question 52

headache etiology nerves

Answer 52

trigeminal nuclei (c2-c3)

Question 53

migraines WITH nausea etiology nerve

Answer 53

vagus nerve

Question 54

What are the side effects of sulfonylureas

Answer 54

hypoglycemia and weight gain