Week 3

Question 1

Sternal angle

Answer 1

Angle of Louis at T4/5
Marks the beginning and end of arch of aorta
Bifurcation of trachea into left and right main bronchi

Question 2

Superior thoracic aperture

Answer 2

T1 vertebrae, rib I, manubrium
Trachea, oesophagus, major blood vessels and nerves pass through

Question 3

Inferior thoracic aperture

Answer 3

Xiphoid process, costal margin, floating ribs 11 and 12, T12 vertebra
Attachment for diaphragm
Descending oesophagus T10, descending aorta T12
Ascending inferior vena cava T8

Question 4

Inspiration pump handle movement

Answer 4

Superior and anterior movement of sternum
Increase space within the chest wall (posterior to anterior)

Question 5

Inspiration bucket handle movements

Answer 5

Elevation of lateral shaft of rib
Increases space within chest wall medially to laterally

Question 6

Vagus nerve CNX

Answer 6

Nucleus ambiguus: motor fibres arise for the innervation to musculature of pharynx, larynx and oesophagus
Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus: parasympathetic fibres arise from here and are distributed widely throughout the cardiovascular, respiratory and gastrointestinal systems
The brainstem contains centres for vital functions: breathing, blood circulation and consciousness

Question 7

Innervation of pleura

Answer 7

Somatic- parietal pleura- sharp well localised pain
Autonomic- visceral pleura- no pain

Question 8

What intercostal space is a chest drain inserted into

Answer 8

5 th intercostal space
Safe triangle:
-mid axillary line (from root of axilla)/ border latissmus dorsi, lateral border of pec major, imaginary horizontal line from nipple