Week 1 Flashcards
Functions of the nose
Respiration
Olfaction- sense of smell
Filtration of dust
Humidification of inspired air
Reception and elimination of secretions
Warmed air
Nasal cavity
Two chambers- right and left
Floor of nasal cavity- maxilla- roof of oral cavity
Turbinates/ concha- bony projections inside nasal cavity from lateral wall, slows air down turbulence allows more time for treatment of air, filtration etc. moisten and warm air to body temperature when passing through nasal cavity
Superior, middle and inferior concha
Skeletal structure of nasal cavity
Anterior nasal aperture: nasal bones, maxilla (left and right), perpendicular plate of ethmoid, vomer, middle concha and inferior concha
Posterior nasal aperture: vomer, medial pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone, palatine bone (floor of nasal cavity posteriorly)
Lateral wall-frontal bone, cribiform plate of ethmoid, sphenoid bone, superior, middle and inferior concha
Medial wall/nasal septum- nasal bone, septal cartilage, alar cartilage, vomer, perpendicular plate of ethmoid
Which concha are part of ethmoid bone
Superior and middle concha
Divisions of the nasal cavity
Vestibule
Respiratory region
Olfactory region
Paranasal Sinuses
Frontal sinuses
Ethmoidal sinuses
Maxillary sinuses
Sphenoid sinuses
Sinuses lined with mucosa secrete mucus
Spheno-ethmoidal recess
Drains posterior ethmoid cells and sphenoid sinuses into superior meatus
Superior meatus drainage
Sphenoid sinuses
Posterior ethmoidal cells
Through the sphenoethmoidal recess
Middle meatus drainage
Maxillary sinus- through semilunar hiatus
Frontal sinus, anterior ethmoidal cells- through frontonasal duct
Inferior meatus drainage
Lacrimal secretions through the nasolacrimal duct
Why your nose runs when you cry
Which sinuses are most prone to infection
Maxillary sinuses
Kiesselbach’s area
Area prone to bleeds
Plexus
Branches of internal carotid artery: anterior ethmoidal artery and posterior ethmoidal artery
Branches of external carotid artery: sphenopalatine, greater palatine, superior labial artery, lateral nasal artery
Common carotid— external carotid— maxillary— 4 branches
Arterial blood supply of nasal cavity
Anterior ethmoidal arteries
Posterior ethmoidal arteries
Greater palatine artery
Branches of sphenopalatine artery
Lateral nasal branches of facial artery
Venous drainage of nasal cavity
Drainage to cavernous sinus
Drainage to facial vein
Drainage posteriorly to pterygoid venous plexus
Nerve supply of nasal cavity
General sensation of nasal cavity is tirgeminal nerve
Special sense of smell is from olfactory nerve
Anterior and superior part of nasal cavity is opthalmic
Posterior and inferior part of nasal cavity is maxillary
What are the 3 sections of pharynx
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
Nasopharynx
Posterior to nasal cavity
Superior to soft palate
Pharyngotympanic tube
Pharyngeal tonsil
Salpingopharyngeal fold
Oropharynx
Inferior to soft palate
Superior to base of tongue
Medial to palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches
Between the 2 arches is the palatine tonsil
Waldeyer’s ring
Ring of lymphoid tissue in the pharynx
Adenoid(pharyngeal tonsil), tubal tonsil, Palatine tonsil, lingual tonsil
Entrance of oropharynx
Provide first line of defence against pathogens that enter pharynx
Laryngopharynx
Posterior to the larynx
from superior border of epiglottis to inferior border of cricoid cartilage
Narrows and becomes continuous with oesophagus
what are the 3 constrictor muscles
Superior constrictor- attaches to the pharyngeal tubercle
Middle constrictor
Inferior constrictor
all insert into the pharyngeal raphe
What is the pharyngeal tubercle
Bony protrusion on occipital bone
What is the pharyngobasilar fascia
Attaches base of the skull to superior constrictor
Superior constrictor
Posterior: pharyngeal raphe, pharyngeal tubercle (occipital bone)
Anterior: pterygoid hamulus, pterygomandibular raphe , mandible and side of tongue
Middle constrictor
Posterior: Pharyngeal raphe,
Anterior: stylohyoid ligament, greater and lesser horns of hyoid bone
Inferior constrictor
Posterior: pharyngeal raphe, encircles junction between pharynx and oesophagus
Anterior: oblique line of thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage
Constrictor muscles innervation
Pharyngeal plexus- vagus nerve CNX, glossopharyngeal nerve CNIX
Provide motor innervation
Longitudinal muscles
Stylopharyngeus - styloid process, thyroid cartilage
Salpingopharyngeus - cartilage of pharyngotympanic tube, unites with palatopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus - hard palate and palatine aponeurosis, thyroid cartilage and oesophagus
Longitudinal muscles innervation
Glossopharyngeal nerve CNIX motor innervation
Pharyngeal plexus, pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve CNX motor innervation
Stylopharyngeus CNIX
Palatopharyngeus and salpingopharyngeus CNX
