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Infection control > Week 3 > Flashcards

Week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Who was the first IPAC champion?

A

Florence Nightingale

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2
Q

What were Robert Koch’s contributions?

A

-developed the petri dish
-discovered that bacillus anthracis formed spores which lead to his postulate proving causal relationship between microorganism and disease
-observed acquired immunity

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3
Q

Who is the founder of modern bacteriology?

A

Robert Koch

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4
Q

what were Robert Koch’s firsts?

A

-isolating the anthrax bacillus
-showing that a specific organism was the cause of a disease
-growing bacteria in colonies on potato slices and eventually gelatenous mold
-discovring myobacterium tuberulus as the cause of disease
-discovering the cause of cholera (vibrio cholerae)

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5
Q

What are Koch’s 4 postualtes?

A
  1. the organism must be present in every case of the disease
  2. the organism must be isolated from the diseased host and growin in pure culture
  3. the disease must be reproduced when a pure culture is introduced to a non-diseased susceptible host
  4. the organism must be recoverable from an experimentally infected host and identified as being identical to the original specific causative agent
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6
Q

Are all 4 of Koch’s postulates required to demonstrate causality?

A

no

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7
Q

Florence Nightingale established a standard of…

A

cleanliness and sanitation in hospitals and the military

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8
Q

what did Florence believe in?

A

pure air, pure water, cleanliness, light, and efficient drainage

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9
Q

Who noted that the sick should be isolated and stressed the need for proper ventilation to disperse miasmas?

A

Florence Nightingale

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10
Q

What did Florence Nightingale campaign for?

A

-sanitary reform
-hospital laundry to provide new bedding & clothing for soldiers
-improved hospital diets
-upkeep of the wards

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11
Q

What did Ignaz Semmelweis discover?

A

HAND HYGIENE!!! :)
he was the father of hand hygiene

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12
Q

What comprimses the just clean your hands program?

A

-hand care
-proper hand hygiene technique
-the 4 moments of hand hygiene
-hand hygiene audits

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13
Q

what illness did Semmelweis fight?

A

puerperal fever

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14
Q

who was the founder of epidemiology?

A

John Snow

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15
Q

True or false. Joh snow was a skeptic of the then dominant miasma theory?

A

True

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16
Q

True or false. John Snow made contirbutions to anesthesiology?

A

true

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17
Q

What are Snow’s present day contributions?

A

case investigation and mapping

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18
Q

Describe Alexander Fleming’s discoveries

A

He observed bacterial staph disappearing on plates contaminated with mold. He extracted the compound for mold responsible for this destruction. The product was named penicillin

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19
Q

Who created the original optical microscope?

A

Joseph Lister

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20
Q

Who discovered pasteurization?

A

Louis Pasteur

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21
Q

What vaccines did Pasteur create?

A

rabies and anthrax

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22
Q

Lister experimented with preventing what?

A

surgical infections

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23
Q

Who is the father of antiseptic surgery?

A

Joseph Lister

24
Q

What were some surgical techniques described by Joseph Lister?

A

soaking dressings in carbolic acid, hand washing, sterilizing surgical instruments, and cleaning operating rooms with carbolic acid (known as phenol)

25
Q

When did the earliest IPAC program begin?

A

the 1950s

26
Q

why did IPAC programs begin?

A

in response to issues like staph epidemics

27
Q

when did antibiotic reistance become a concern?

A

the 1970s

28
Q

what did early IPAC programs focus on?

A

environmental cleanliness

29
Q

What does nosocomial mean?

A

nosus means disease and komeion means to take care of

30
Q

what are HAI?

A

infections that occur as a result of health care interventions in any setting where care is delivered

31
Q

What do HAIs include?

A

-bloodstream
-post surgical
-urinary
-skin and soft tissue infections
-respiratory
-gastrointestinal

32
Q

What are factors that increase the risk for development of HAIs?

A

-advanced age
-underlying illness
-complex treatment modalities
-the emergence of novel infectious agents
-emergency of community-assocaited communicable diseases
-prevalence of AROs
-international travel

33
Q

HAIs are the ____ leading cause of death in Canada

A

4th

34
Q

What are the goals of outcome surveillance?

A

to identify clusters and outbreaks (increases above baseline levels) to compare infection rates to external benchmarks and to measure external improvement over time

35
Q

Healthcare providers in Ontario must comply with what legislation?

A

-health protection & promotion act
-public hospitals act
-the hospital management regulation under the public hospitals act
-long term care homes act
-accreditation canada
-occupational health and safety act and Ontario regulations

36
Q

What are some elements of an occupational health service?

A

-preplacement assessment
-immunization review and update
-staff influenza vaccination program
-TB status screening and survelliance
-exposure prevention and management
-post-exposure prophalaxis

37
Q

What are some common interests of IPAC and OHS?

A

-PPE
-post-exposure management
-joint health and safety committee
-work restrictions
-policies and procedure
-communicable disease status

38
Q

When should IPAC education be given?

A

-at orientation of new staff
-on an ongoing scheduled basis (annually)
-if a situation demonstrates specific need (i.e., during outbreak)
-for all trainees prior to start of clinical placement
-any time there is interest

39
Q

What is the most important IPAC measure to prevent HAI spread?

A

hand hygiene

40
Q

what is the preferred method for decontaminating hand?

A

ABHR

41
Q

What are other key components of the IPAC program in terms of routine practices and additional precautions?

A

risk assessment, hand hygiene, PPE, control of the environment, administrative controls

42
Q

what are routine practices?

A

IPAC practices to be used for the routine care of all interactions to prevent transmission of microorganisms from person-to-person in the health care setting

43
Q

what are examples of environmental controls?

A

appropriate client/patient placement
-cleaning of equipment and the environment
-engineering controls
-sharps containers at the point-of-care
-HH products

44
Q

what are examples of administrative controls?

A

policies & procedures, education, healthy workplace policies, vaccination, respiratory etiquette, monitoring of compliance with feedback, sufficient staffing levels

45
Q

What are additional precautions?

A

IPAC interventions to be used in addition to routine practices for certain pathogens or clinical presentations

46
Q

what is one of the most effective preventive measures to protects patients and staff from acquiring communicable diseases?

A

immunization

47
Q

what is one of the major functions of a resident health program?

A

immunization

48
Q

what vaccines should care home residents have?

A

tetanus, diptheria, pneumonoccocus, and influenza

49
Q

what are epidemic HAIs?

A

HAIs that represent an increase in incidence over expected rates (cluster or outbreak)

50
Q

when did we start wearing gloves?

A

the 1980s

51
Q

true or false. performance management is an IPAC responsibility

A

False. it is the managers. we might just be used if they need to be re-taught something

52
Q

True or false. When evaluating performance management, you want to pick on single individuals.

A

false. you want rates for the whole unit to look at the overall process

53
Q

what is the general rule for declaring an outbreak over?

A

2 incubation periods plus 2 days

54
Q

what are the 4 moments for hand hygiene

A
  1. before contact with the patient/environment
  2. before aseptic procedure
  3. after body/fluid exposure risk
  4. after patient/environment contact
55
Q

The hand hygiene component of the IPAC program should include what 4 components?

A
  1. hand hygiene policies and procedures
  2. hand care program
  3. education
  4. compliance

Infection control (7 decks)

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