Week 3

Question 1

Attachment

Answer 1

A psychological and emotional connection between two individuals

Question 2

Attachment:
Characteristics

Answer 2

-Emotional intensity
-Proximity maintenance
-Specificity (one specific connection)
-Distress when apart

Question 3

Attachment:
Purpose

Answer 3

-Nurturance
-Protection
-Security/ safety

Question 4

Attachment:
Learning (behavioural) theory

Answer 4

Attachment is caused by conditioning (the child associates the individual with food)

Question 5

Attachment:
Freud

Answer 5

Drive reduction
-Food satiates a baby’s oral stage of development, creating attachment to mother

Question 6

Imprinting

Answer 6

Most baby animals form connection with the first thing they see regardless of feeding

Question 7

John Bowlby

Answer 7

(1907-1990)
Research attachment and the effects of detachment on children

Question 8

Bowlby’s attachment theory

Answer 8

-Attachment is an innate behaviour in which children attach to caregivers emotionally for survival
-There is a critical window for attachment
-Attachment quality affects development

Question 9

Bowlby’s attachment theory:
4 Stages of attachment

Answer 9

-Preattachment: <6 weeks
-Attachment making: 6 weeks-> 7 months
-Clearcut: 7 month-> 2 year
-Reciprocal relationship: 2 years->

Question 10

Bowlby’s attachment theory:
Preattachment

Answer 10

Can identify primary caregiver
-Indiscriminate behaviour, fine with separation

Question 11

Bowlby’s attachment theory:
Attachment making

Answer 11

Closer to caregiver (drawing attention and engaging in behaviours such as smiling to engage with others)
-Trust and preferences

Question 12

Bowlby’s attachment theory:
Clearcut

Answer 12

Proximity seeking & separation and stranger anxiety

Question 13

Bowlby’s attachment theory:
Reciprocal relationship

Answer 13

Decreasing separation anxiety
-Relationship with caregiver creates blueprint for future relationships

Question 14

Bowlby’s attachment theory:
Internal working model

Answer 14

A person’s self image which is heavily influence by early attachment, and which affects how the person behaves in future relationships

Question 15

Bowlby’s attachment theory:
Monotropy

Answer 15

The innate urge to attach to one main caregiver (usually the mother)

Question 16

Bowlby’s attachment theory:
Multiple attachments

Answer 16

Schaffer and Emerson argue indicators of attachment are shown towards multiple people
-Bowlby argues that maternal attachment is different to other figures

Question 17

Bowlby’s attachment theory:
Maternal deprivation hypothesis

Answer 17

Failure to formal maternal attachment causes cognitive, emotional, and behavioural consequences

Question 18

The Strange situation

Answer 18

An experiment created by Mary Ainsworth involving observation of an infant’s reaction to the presence, absence, and return of both a stranger and their mother

Question 19

The Strange situation:
Attachment Type A

Answer 19

Insecure- avoidant
-No distress at separation or reaction on return of mother
-Stranger can comfort
–Leads to Dismissive attachment as adult

Question 20

The Strange situation:
Attachment Type B

Answer 20

Secure
-Use mother as a base to explore from
-Distress at separation
-Seeks comfort on return
-Leads to Autonomous attachment as adult

Question 21

The Strange situation:
Attachment Type C

Answer 21

Insecure ambivalent/resistant
-Do not explore
-Distress at situation
-Both seek and avoid comfort on return
-Leads to Preoccupied attachment as adult

Question 22

The Strange situation:
Attachment Type D

Answer 22

Disorganised
-Inconsistent behaviour and inability to deal with stress
-Leads to Unresolved attachment as adult

Question 23

Long term effects of attachment style

Answer 23

Attachment style has a long term impact on:
-Self regulation
-Self image
-Relationships
-Cognitive processes

Question 24

Factors affecting attachment

Answer 24

-Environment
-Parental characteristics
-Infant characteristics