Week 3 Flashcards
1
Q
Which term refers to an accepted set of social standards or morals that guide behavior? A- ethical decision B- morality C- practical ethics D- obligations
A
Morality
2
Q
Which of the following best defines ethical decision making? Ethical decision making:
A- helps an individual recognize when there is an ethical problem in a given situation
B- is a process that enables an individual to think critically to rank ethical obligations
C- is a method for ensuring that the action an individual that’s is well reasoned and can be justified
D- is a process in which an individual examines his or her own moral beliefs and actions
A
C- is a method for ensuring that the action an individual takes is well reasoned and can be justified
3
Q
Which type of ethics deals with very specific judgments about right and wrong in everyday actions? A- metaethics B- normative ethics C- practical ethics D- applied ethics
A
B- normative ethics
4
Q
__________ is a minimum standard of behavior to which all members of society are held.
A
Law
5
Q
The code of ethics for nursing is an example of which type of ethics? A- societal ethics B- organizational ethics C- professional ethics D- personal ethics
A
C- professional ethics
6
Q
Which type of ethics is involved with decision making regarding patient specific issues and decision making at the patients bedside? A- clinical ethics B- bioethics C- research ethics D-personal ethics
A
A- clinical ethics
7
Q
Where do most nurses first learn about ethics and their ethical comfort zone
A- at home within their family
B- at church within their religion
C- at elementary school with their peers
D- at college with their nursing classmates
A
A- at home within their family
8
Q
Nurses should act in ways that avoid harm to patients. Which term best describes this expectation of nurses? A- beneficence B- nonmaleficence C- justice D- fidelity
A
B- nonmaleficence
9
Q
When a nurse keeps promises, does what is expected, performs his or her duties, and behaves in a trustworthy manner, which ethical principle is the nurse carrying out? A- beneficence B- nonmaleficence C- justice D- fidelity
A
D- fidelity
10
Q
End of life patient situation often cause moral distress for nurses.
True or false
A
True
11
Q
The nurse is caring for an older adult client who has refused a bath for several days and has now developed a rash on the buttocks. What is the priority nursing intervention?
Encourage the client to help with self-hygiene as able.
Offer a choice of types of soap and shampoo.
Schedule a bath in the morning or evening according to client’s preferred bathing time.
Explain that cleanliness helps to remove bacteria from skin, which can prevent infection.
A
Explain that cleanliness helps to remove bacteria from skin, which can prevent infection.
12
Q
The nurse is helping a client perform oral hygiene. When asked whether the client flosses, the client states, “I don’t like to floss because it makes my gums bleed.” What is the appropriate nursing response? Select all that apply.
“You can use flossing in place of brushing teeth.”
“I understand; flossing makes my gums bleed too.”
“The chance of tooth and gum disease can be reduced by flossing.”
“Flossing removes plaque and food debris that a toothbrush may miss.”
“When flossing, be certain to choose waxed floss.”
A
“The chance of tooth and gum is ease can be reduced by flossing”
“Flossing removes plaque and food debris that a toothbrush may miss”
13
Q
The nurse is caring for a client who is on warfarin therapy. Which teaching will the nurse provide?
Use an electric razor for shaving purposes.
Take aspirin for headaches that develop.
Buy a hard-bristled toothbrush to ensure proper oral hygiene.
Reassure the client that prolonged bleeding of wounds and gums is normal.
A
Use an electric razor for shaving purposes
14
Q
A nurse is examining an adult client with inflammation of the gums. The nurse observes bleeding gums. What additional information should the nurse acquire to help determine next steps?
The client’s history of oral surgery
How often the client sees the dentist for oral care
How many cavities the client has had
How often the client brushes and flosses the teeth
A
How often the client brushes and flosses the teeth.
15
Q
A nurse on an acute medical unit is responsible for providing assistance with hygiene for clients who are unable to do so independently. The nurse should be aware that the use of a safety razor for shaving is contraindicated for which client?
a man who has a decreased level of consciousness due to a stroke that he suffered several days earlier
a man who is receiving antibiotics through a central venous catheter that is situated in his right jugular vein
a man who is receiving an intravenous infusion of an anticoagulant for the treatment of a pulmonary embolism
a man who requires frequent opioid analgesics to control the pain associated with acute pancreatitis
A
A man who is receiving an intravenous infusion of an anticoagulant for the treatment of a pulmonary embolism.
16
Q
A nurse needs to clean and bathe a client who has undergone surgery following a motor vehicle accident. What type of bath will negate the need to rinse the client?
shower
bag bath
bed bath
tub bath
A
Bag bath.
17
Q
An elderly client has worn an artificial eye since advanced glaucoma necessitated enucleation (removal of the eye). What action should the nurse perform immediately before assisting the client with reinsertion of the artificial eye?
Apply a water-based lubricant to the perimeter of the client’s eye socket.
Gently rinse the client’s eye socket with clean water or normal saline.
Apply a thin, even layer of antibiotic ointment to the surface of the artificial eye.
Carefully wash the artificial eye and apply a layer of petroleum jelly to the surfaces that will contact the client’s skin.
A
Gently rinse the clients eye socket with clean water or normal saline.
18
Q
A 79-year-old client reports brittle fingernails. What may be the cause of the client’s problem?
lack of skin near the nails
presence of dry skin near the nails
concentrated amount of keratin
lack of keratin on the nails
A
Lack of keratin on the nails.
19
Q
The nurse has completed teaching regarding pediculosis. Which client statement requires further nursing teaching?
“I will use conditioner so that the lice eggs will slide off my hair.”
“A pediculicide shampoo is needed to treat this condition.”
“Lice can be spread by direct contact.”
“I will look for eggs on hairs ¼ to ½ in (0.5 to 1.5 cm) from the scalp and skin surfaces.”
A
“I will use conditioner so that the lice eggs will slide off of my hair.”
20
Q
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving care for a traumatic head injury that has rendered the client unconscious. When providing mouth care for this client, the nurse must be cognizant of the client’s risk for:
aspiration.
dental caries.
fluid volume overload.
coughing.
A
Aspiration
21
Q
The nurse working at a long-term care facility supervises while the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) bathes an older adult client. The nurse determines the UAP requires intervention when the UAP:
bathes the client using gentle patting motions.
places a large quantity of soap on the washcloth.
inspects the feet while bathing the client.
tests the water temperature prior to helping the client into the tub.
A
Places a large quantity of soap on the washcloth.
22
Q
A client who has been admitted in the health care facility has had surgery and is unconscious. The nurse needs to take care of the client’s hygiene and oral care daily. The client’s teeth and lips show dry crusts when there is a day’s gap in the oral hygiene. What can best describe the client’s oral condition?
gingivitis
sordes
caries
periodontal disease
A
Sordes
23
Q
A 76-year-old client is admitted to the health agency with a stroke. The nurse, while bathing the client, starts wiping and cleaning the body from feet upward. The client is incapable of assisting the nurse in the bathing process. Which technique is the nurse using to bathe the client?
partial bath
tub bath
towel bath
bed bath
A
Towel bath
24
Q
During a regular dental checkup the client expresses concern to the nurse regarding discoloration of the teeth. Consumption of what food would be the most likely reason for the discoloration of the client’s teeth?
coffee
alcohol
juice
sweets
A
Coffee
25
A nurse at a long-term care facility is planning to trim the toenails of many residents, most of whom are unable to do this hygiene task independently. The nurse should consult with a podiatrist before cutting the toenails of a resident:
who is currently taking oral antibiotics for the treatment of a skin infection.
whose dementia has resulted in several aggressive outbursts in recent weeks.
who has a history of type 1 diabetes.
who has not received a seasonal influenza vaccination.
Who has a history of type 1 diabetes
26
A nurse is caring for a female client with diarrhea. What information does the nurse teach the client about perineal care and self-care?
Insert any suppository medication prior to cleaning the perineal area.
Wear gloves while performing perineal self-care.
Clean the perineal area from the front to back.
Bathe the perineal area with a mild soap and water.
Clean the perineal area from the front to back.
27
A nurse is caring for an older adult client who is weak and unable to care for his glasses and dentures. When assisting with cleaning the dentures, the nurse should:
clean the dentures over a plastic basin or towel.
don gloves and free the dentures from the client's mouth.
store the dentures in an open cup containing only mouthwash.
avoid the use of a toothbrush to clean removable bridges.
Clean the dentures over a plastic basin or towel
28
The nurse is preparing to delegate a bath for a 90-year-old client who is nonresponsive and has mild skin breakdown. Which type of bath will the nurse delegate to the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP)?
shower with assist
tub bath
traditional bed bath with linen change
bag bath
Traditional bed bath with linen change.
29
Upon assessment, the nurse notes that a client has eroding tooth enamel. The nurse documents and teaches the client that this is a risk factor for which condition?
gingivitis
caries
periodontal disease
tartar
Caries
30
The nurse is providing hygiene education for a family who will soon take an older adult client home from the hospital. Which statement by a family member requires further nursing instruction?
"I should obtain a tub or shower seat because my loved one has mobility issues."
"I should install grab bars in the shower or tub at arm level of my loved one."
"I should check the bath water temperature before allowing my loved one to bathe."
"I should provide soap for daily bathing to remove debris and keep my loved one's skin moist."
“I should provide soap for daily bathing to remove debris and keep my loved ones skin moist.”
31
A sitz bath would be most appropriate for which client?
57-year-old who has just had surgery to repair a hernia
33-year-old who is one day postpartum
69-year-old with impaired circulation to the lower extremities
41-year-old with intractable migraines
33 year old who is one day postpartum.
32
A public health nurse has been doing research in preparation for an influenza vaccination campaign and has learned that among adults in the community, 73 people out of every 1000 were infected with influenza last year. This epidemiological statistic represents:
the pervasiveness of influenza.
the prevalence of influenza.
the morbidity of influenza.
the mortality rate of influenza.
The morbidity of influenza
33
The nurse is providing prenatal counseling for a pregnant client regarding the prevention of congenital disorders during pregnancy. Which statement made by the client indicates that the education provided was effective?
"It should be all right if I only have a glass or two of wine with dinner."
"As long as I do not take any prescription medications during my pregnancy, my baby will be fine."
"My sister was born with cystic fibrosis and my baby could be born with that also."
"My baby is most vulnerable if I take anything in the first 3 months of pregnancy."
“My baby is most vulnerable if i take anything in the first 3 months of pregnancy.”
34
The nurse is caring for a client who has recovered from injuries incurred from a motor vehicle accident where two other family members did not survive. The client informs the nurse that he or she will grieve without demonstrating ineffective coping mechanisms. Which type of health behaviors does the nurse identify the client is exhibiting?
spiritual health
social health
emotional health
physical health
Emotional health
35
In a nursing unit, the nurse-in-charge delegates nursing duties as follows: one nurse is assigned to assist clients with nasogastric feeds; another nurse is assigned to wound dressings, and another nurse for giving medications. Which type of nursing care is being implemented?
team nursing
nurse-managed care
primary nursing
functional nursing
Functional nursing
36
A recent nursing graduate has been making a concerted effort to ensure that clients receive holistic nursing care. Which action best demonstrates the principle of holism?
The nurse ensures that every client receive equal care, regardless of diagnosis or acuity.
The nurse seeks input and evaluation from clients after an intervention is performed.
The nurse prioritizes assessments, diagnoses, and interventions that are at the peak of Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
The nurse attempts to meet the physical, social, emotional, and spiritual health needs of clients.
The nurse attempts to meet the physical, social, emotional, and spiritual health needs of clients.
37
Ventricular septal defect is a congenital disorder. The nurse understands that congenital disorders are due to:
any primary illness.
unexplained causes.
genetic causes.
faulty embryonic development.
Faulty embryonic development
38
The nurse understands that mortality denotes the number of people who died of a particular disease or condition. What does an infant mortality rate of 15 indicate?
15 infant deaths per 100 live births
15 infant deaths per 100 deliveries
15 infant deaths per year
15 infant deaths per 1,000 live births
15 infant deaths per 1000 live births
39
The nurse understands that Huntington's chorea is a neurologic disorder that manifests itself at adulthood. Which category of illness best defines Huntington's chorea?
chronic illness
primary illness
idiopathic illness
hereditary illness
Hereditary illness
40
The nurse understands that an idiopathic illness is a condition whose cause is unexplained. Which is an example of idiopathic illness?
juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
patent ductus arteriosus
fever of undetermined origin
inflammatory bowel disease
Fever of undetermined origin
41
The nurse manager of the acute care unit has decided to implement a team nursing approach for client care. One of the staff members asks, "Will we each take care of our own clients?" What is the appropriate response by the manager?
"One person will provide skilled care, one will give medications, and one will help with hygienic needs."
"Each registered nurse (RN) will be assigned a client and be responsible for planning and evaluating care."
"The care will be divided and the registered nurse (RN) will have a licensed practical/vocational nurse (LPN/LVN) and unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) to provide care together."
"I will plan the care based on the client's diagnosis or type of case."
“The care will be divided and the registered nurse (RN) will have a licensed practical/vocational nurse (LPN/LVN) and unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) to provide care together.”
42
The nurse is preparing a plan of care for a client with nutritional deficits. Which is the priority intervention for this client?
acknowledging weight problems
teaching about weight loss programs
teaching about intake of food and vitamins
teaching about binge eating
Teaching about intake of food and vitamins.
43
All the following symptoms are present in a client. Which is the priority for nursing care?
fever
anxiety
low confidence
low self-esteem
Fever
44
Which nursing activity reflects secondary prevention?
Discussing the use of drugs and alcohol
Promoting the use of seat belts
Making a referral for a mammogram
Promoting the use of helmets while riding motorcycles or bicycles
Making a referral for a mammogram
45
A nurse is caring for a client with end-stage liver failure. Which healthcare agency should the nurse recommend for continuity of care?
Emergency department
PPO
HMO
Extended care
Extended care
46
An exacerbation refers to the reactivation of a disease. Which condition is associated with exacerbation?
Congenital illness
Acute illness
Hereditary illness
Chronic illness
Chronic illness
47
The nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of heart failure. This admission is the client's third admission within 90 days. The nurse educates the client with the goal of preventing readmission. Which nursing activity for this client would represent tertiary level prevention?
Screening for breast cancer every 5 years
Teaching about adhering to a low-sodium diet
Screening for tuberculosis
Assessing for risk factors for heart disease
Teaching about adhering to low sodium diet
48
Which nursing activity provides an example of primary prevention?
Screening school-aged children for exposure to lead
Suggesting alternative housing options for a family after a case of lead poisoning
Assessing the home environment for evidence of lead paint
Teaching a family how to recognize and avoid environments containing lead paint
Teaching a family how to recognize and avoid environments containing lead paint.
49
The client is admitted with a gastrointestinal bleed. The physician ordered a colonoscopy. Which level of care encompasses this procedure?
Primary
Quaternary
Tertiary
Secondary
Secondary
50
The nurse is preparing to create a plan of care for a client admitted with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which intervention(s) will directly help the client achieve the goal of self-actualization? Select all that apply.
encouraging the client to join a COPD support group
teaching the client about the COPD diagnosis
creating a treatment and prevention plan to decrease readmissions
helping the client obtain affection from family and friends
educating the client about the course of the disease process
teaching the client about the COPD diagnosis,
creating a treatment and prevention plan to decrease readmissions,
educating the client about the course of the disease process
51
A client is in the terminal stage of leukemia. The client is discharged from the hospital and a licensed practical nurse is assigned for the nursing care of the client at home. This is an example of:
primary care.
secondary care.
extended care.
tertiary care.
Extended care
52
The client experienced a stroke with left-sided weakness. The case manager determines that the client no longer requires acute care but currently is unable to return to the home environment. Which health care environment will be the appropriate referral option for this client?
extended care
secondary care
primary care
tertiary care
Extended care
53
A nurse is providing care for a client whose treatment is being funded by Medicaid. The nurse should be aware that this client most likely qualified for this program on the basis of:
having a chronic illness.
age greater than 65.
low income.
recent military service.
Low income
54
A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is admitted to the hospital for the second time in 2 months with wheezing, dyspnea, and use of accessory muscles when breathing. Which type of situation does the nurse identify is occurring with this client?
This is the effect of a secondary illness.
The client is having an exacerbation of the COPD.
The client is experiencing remission of the COPD.
The client is experiencing the effects of a terminal illness.
The client is having an exacerbation of the COPD
55
A nursing student has learned that an increasing number of individuals now live with one or more chronic illness. What health condition is an example of a chronic illness?
myocardial infarction (heart attack)
appendicitis
osteoarthritis
pressure ulcer
Osteoarthritis
56
A nurse is caring for a client who is in the remission state of leukemia. The client expresses anxiety about the recurrence of leukemia and states feels depressed when thinking about the outcome of leukemia. Which aspect of health is the client talking about?
physical health
social health
spiritual health
emotional health
Emotional health
57
True or false
| The epidermis contains the secretory glands
False—— the dermis does.
58
True or false
A denture is a dental appliance that replaces one or several teeth and is fixed permanently to other natural teeth so that it cannot be removed
False
59
True or false
| Fingernails and toenails are made of keratin, which in concentrated amounts gives them their tough texture
True
60
True or false
| An ophthalmologist is a person who prescribes corrective lenses
False
61
True or false
| In the ear devices are small self contained aids that fit in the outer ear
True
62
The collective structures that cover the surface of the body and its openings are known as the body’s _______
Integument.
63
_________ disease is a condition that results in the destruction of the tooth supporting structures and jawbone
Periodontal
64
________ teeth are teeth which begin to erupt at about 6 moths of age and continue to do so for 2 to 2.5 years
Deciduous
65
A _______ is a person with special training in caring for feet
Podiatrists
66
A medical doctor who treats eye disorders is known as an ______
Ophthalmologist
67
Which statement best describes the difference between prescriptive and proscriptive law?
A- prescriptive defines something that must be done, proscriptive defines something that must not be done
B- proscriptive defines something that must be done, prescriptive defines something that must not be done.
C- prescriptive pertains to health interventions laws and proscriptive pertains to professional health care provider laws
D- proscriptive pertains to the failure of performing an intervention and prescriptive pertains to performing an intervention inappropriately
A- prescriptive defines something that must be done, proscriptive defines something that must not be done
68
```
The source of law derived from landmark 1973 case of Roe v Wade, forbidding states from criminalizing or banning first trimester abortions and recognizing a right to privacy that included a women’s right to terminate her pregnancy, was:
A- statutory law
B- administrative law
C- constitutional law
D- tort law
```
C- constitutional law
69
Case law is also known as common law
A- true
B- false
A- true
70
```
Which law is most responsible for shaping and defining patient car equality parameters?
A- tort law
B- contract law
C- property law
D- criminal law
```
A- tort law
71
Which of the following statements is true regarding Medicare?
A- the Medicare program was initiated in 1950
B- Medicare provides health insurance for those who are underinsured
C- Medicare program rules, which health care organizations must follow, apply only to those receiving Medicare
D- the creation of the Medicare program has given the federal government increased influence on health care law
D- the creation of the Medicare program has given the federal government increased influence on health care law
72
Which act contains provisions regarding proving information on advance directives?
A- the emergency medical treatment and active labor act
B- the social security act
C- the patient self determination act
D- the patient protection and affordable care act
C- the patient self determination act
73
```
Which act gives tax incentives to states and companies that create high risk pools to provide coverage for those individuals with preexisting medical conditions?
A- COBRA
B- HIPPA
C- the social security act
D- the patient self determination act
```
B- HIPPA
74
Which level of nursing tends to have the most consistent scope of practice across states?
A- nurse practitioners
B- nurse anesthetists
C- registered nurses
D- licensed practical or vocational nurses
C- registered nurses
75
Which of the following are true regarding the concept of consent? (Select all that apply)
A- the concept of consent arises from the ethical principle of beneficence
B- consent must include a description of the procedure
C- information for consent must be given by the provider who will be performing the procedure
D- consent given by the patient must be voluntary
B- consent must include a description of the procedure
C- information for consent must be given by the provider who will be performing the procedure
D- consent given by the patient must be voluntary
76
```
A nurse arrives at work under the influence of alcohol and mistakenly administers a medication that causes injury to a patient. Which type of liability best described this situation?
A- medical liability
B- employee liability
C- employer liability
D- criminal liability
```
D- criminal liability
77
```
Civill laws is also known as:
A- torts
B- malpractice
C- crimes
D- negligence
```
A- torts
78
```
This described what duties you can and cannot perform
A- informed consent
B- reasonable care
C- scope of practice
D- directive
```
C- scope of practice
79
```
John is speaking derogatory comments about Sarah that hurts her reputation this is?
A- negligence
B libel
C- slander
D- battery
```
C- slander
80
True or false
| Abraham Maslow, a psychologist, identified five level of human needs
True
81
True or false
| Morbidity denotes the number of people who died from a particular disease or condition
False
82
True or false
| Influenza is an example of an acute illness
True
83
True or false
| Illness is a state of discomfort that results when disease, deterioration, or injury impairs a persons health
True
84
True or false
| In the remission state of illness, the relief or the cured state is permanent
False
85
The WHO defines health as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well being, not merely the _____ of disease or infirmity
Absence
86
The ______ stage of an illness is one in which a person is approaching death .
Terminal
87
A family practice physician is at the ________ level of care
Primary
88
_______ means deactivation of a disorder, or one that reverts from a chronic to an acute state
Exacerbation
89
Hospice care, in which clients no longer require acute hospital care, is an example of _____ care
Extended
90
A nurse is caring for a child with Huntington's chorea, a hereditary condition. Which statement is true of hereditary conditions?
A)
The symptoms are manifested immediately after birth.
B)
The condition is due to maternal exposure to toxins.
C)
The condition is acquired from genes of one or both parents.
D)
The course is associated with exacerbations and remissions.
C
91
```
A nurse is caring for a client who is confined to bed due to paralysis. The client has a medical history of stroke, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus for the past five years, besides having asthma since childhood. Which is a secondary illness seen in the client?
A) Diabetes mellitus
B) Asthma
C) Hypertension
D) Stroke
```
D
92
A client with Crohn's disease in remission is admitted to the nursing unit for follow-up care. The remission state is characterized by:
A)permanent relief from the signs and symptoms.
B)disappearance of signs and symptoms associated with the disease.
C)periodic occurrence in clients with long-standing diseases.
D)reactivation of the disease and presence of symptoms.
B
93
```
A client admitted for hernioplasty is discharged two days later than the calculated time due to postoperative complications. The client is insured through a capitation scheme. In the event of late discharge of the client, who is at loss?
A)The client
B)The hospital
C)The insurers
D)The doctors
```
B
94
```
A nurse is caring for a client who has undergone total hip replacement and is advised to undergo physiotherapy after discharge. Which level of care is the physiotherapy center?
A)Continuity of care
B)Extended care
C)Secondary care
D)Tertiary care
```
B
95
A nurse is explaining the need for bathing to an elderly client who has been avoiding a daily bath. Which benefit of bathing should the nurse explain to the client?
A)Bathing maintains the body temperature.
B)Bathing prevents skin from peeling.
C)Bathing reduces the possibility of infection.
D)Bathing keeps mucous membranes soft and moist.
C
96
A nurse is preparing to help a client with a skin infection have a tub bath. In which way can the nurse ensure the client's safety?
A)Check that the bathroom has a non-skid floor.
B)Check that the grab bars are at shoulder level.
C)Give the client a damp towel for bathing.
D)Keep a bottle of bathing oil near the tub.
A
97
```
A nurse is caring for a client with a fractured arm. As part of hair care, what should the nurse do to increase circulation and distribution of sebum in the client's hair?
A)Use a wide-toothed comb.
B)Brush the client's hair slowly.
C)Apply a conditioner or alcohol.
D)Provide the client with a turban.
```
B
98
```
A nurse is providing nail care to a client at a health care facility. Why is it important for the nurse to soak the client's hands in warm water prior to nail care?
A)to soften the keratin
B)to loosen the nails
C)to help the cuticles withdraw
D)to loosen the skin near the nails
```
A
99
```
A middle-age client who wears glasses and has a slight hearing problem needs a hearing aid that is small and not too expensive. Which hearing aid device is best suited for the client?
A)behind-the-ear device
B)body aid device
C)infrared listening device
D)in-the-ear device
```
A
100
Know everything on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
First level- Physiologic needs- need for air, nutrition, water, elimination, rest and sleep, and thermoregulation. Sex is unnecessary for individual survival, but it is necessary for the survival of humankind.
Second level- safety and security needs- need for shelter and freedom from harm and danger
Third level- love and belonging needs- need for affection, feelings of belongingness, and meaningful relations with others
Fourth level- esteem and self-esteem needs- needs to be well thought of by oneself as well as by others
Fifth level- self actualization needs- need to be self fulfilled, learn, create, understand, and experience one’s potential.
101
Know the different levels of care primary, secondary, tertiary care
Primary care is health services provided by the first health care provider or agency a person contacts.
Secondary care is health services to which primary caregivers refer clients for consultation and additional testing. It’s the referral of a client to a cardiac catheterization.
Tertiary care is health services provided at hospitals or medical centers where complex technology and specialists are available and may require that a client travels some distance from home.
102
Know the differences between extended care
Extended care is services that meet the health needs of clients who no longer require acute hospital care and includes rehabilitation, skilled nursing care in a persons home or a nursing home, and hospice for dying clients.
103
Know about healthy people 2020
Healthy people 2020 is an ongoing national health promotion effort and the goals include: eliminate preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death.
Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups.
Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all.
Promote healthy development and healthy behaviors across every stage of life.
104
Know about remission
Remission is the disappearance of signs and symptoms associated with a particular disease.
105
Know differences between chronic and acute illness
Chronic illness is one that comes on slowly and lasts a long time for example COPD
Acute illness is one that comes on suddenly and lasts a short time for example influenza
106
Know all the bolded words in chapter 17
Hygiene- promote health through personal cleanliness
Integument- covering
Integumentary system- includes skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nails
Caries- cavities
Tarter- hardened plaque
Gingivitis- inflammation of the gums
Periodontal disease- condition that results in the destruction of the tooth supporting structures and bones that make up the jaw
Partial bath- washing those body areas that are subject to greatest soiling
Perineal care- techniques used to cleanse the perineum
Bed bath- washing with a basin of water at the bedside
Towel bath- uses a single large towel to cover and wash a pt not no basin no soap
107
Know the all the steps to nail care and why we do them and what kind of clients we need to be careful with
Steps- soak the hands or feet in warm water to soften the keratin and loosen trapped debris. Clean under the nails with a wooden orange stick or other sturdy but blunt instruments. Push cuticles downward with a soft towel. Use a handheld electric rotary file or an emery board to reduce length of long fingernails or toenails. Avoid sharp or jagged points that may injure the adjacent skin.
Be careful with patients who have diabetes, impaired circulation, or thick nails.
108
Know all the hair grooming bulleted points
Brush the hair slowly and carefully to avoid damaging the hair.
Use a wide toothed comb, starting at the ends of the hair rather than from the crown downward if the hair is matted or tangled.
Apply a conditioner or alcohol to loosen tangles.
Use oil on hair if it is dry.
Braid to prevent tangles.
109
Know the differences between the baths and what kind of patients we would do that for and the rationale behind it.
Sitz bath is an immersion of the butttocks and perineum in a small basin of continuously circulating water. The purpose is to remove blood, serum, stool, or urine. For patients that just gave birth.
Partial bath is washing those body areas that are subject to greatest soiling and done at the sink or with a basin at the bedside.
Bed bath- washing with a basin of water at the bedside.
Towel bath uses a single large towel to cover and wash a pt. No basin or soap. From feet upward.
Bag bath- involves commercially packaged kit with 8 to 10 premoistned, disposable cloths in a plastic bag or container.
110
Know about denture care
Put gloves in and use a dry gauze to grasp and free the denture from the mouth. Cleans dentures with a toothbrush, denture cleanser or toothpaste, and cold or tepid water.
111
Know about gingivitis
Inflammation of the gums.
112
Know about fall risk safety when it comes to showering people
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Nonskid strips on the floor of tubs and showers.
Grab bars.
Tub or shower seat.
Check water temperature.
Long handled bath sponges.
Use soap sparingly.
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113
Know all the different types of doctors we have gone over
| podiatrist, ophthalmologist, optometrist
Podiatrist- a person with special training on caring for feet.
Ophthalmologist- a medical doctor who treats eye disorder.
Optometrist- a person who prescribes corrective lenses
114
Know why we bathe people
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To eliminate body odor
Reduce the potential for infection
Stimulate circulation
Providing a refreshed and relaxed feeling
Improving self image
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115
Know about all the different hearing aids and what to teach the patient about them
In the ear devices are small, self contained aids that fit in the outer ear
Canal aids fit deep within the ear canal and are largely concealed. Because of their small size, they may be difficult to remove and adjust
Behind the ear devices consist of a microphone and an amplifier worn behind the ear that delivers sound to an internal device.
Body aid devices use electrical components enclosed in a case carried somewhere on the body to deliver sound through a wire connected to an ear mold receiver.
Teach to keep a supply of extra batteries on hand.
Avoid exposing to extreme heat, water, cleaning chemicals, or hair spray.
Wipe the outer surface of a body aid or behind the ear case occasionally
116
Know the differences between morbidity and mortality
Morbidity is incidence of a specific disease, disorder, or injury refers to the rate or the numbers of people affected.
Mortality is incidence of deaths denotes the number of people who died from a particular disease or condition.
117
Know the differences between primary illness and secondary illness
Primary illness is one that develops independently of any other disease. Ex is pulmonary disease acquired from smoking
Secondary illness is a disorder that develops from a preexisting condition. Ex is pneumonia or heart failure.
118
Know the differences between congenital and hereditary disesases
Congenital is those present at birth but which are the result of faulty embryonic development and cannot be genetically predicted.
Hereditary is a disorder acquired from the genetic codes of one or both parents and may or may not produce symptoms immediately after birth.
119
Know about capitation
Capitation is a payment system in which a preset fee per member is paid to a health care provider regardless of whether the member requires services.
120
Know about health and that it is a right, resource and personal responsibility
121
Know about continuity of care and DRGs
Continuity of care ensures that the client navigates complicated health care system with maximum efficiency and minimum frustration. Client does not feel isolated, fragmented, or abandoned.
Reimbursement is based on the DRG which is a classification system used to group clients with similar diagnoses.
122
Table 17-2
| Contraindications to using a safety razor
Receiving anticoagulants
Receiving thrombolytic agents
Taking high dose of aspirin
With blood disorders such as hemophilia
With liver disease who have impaired clotting
With rashes or elevated or inflamed skin lesions on or near the face
Who are suicidal
123
Know about lentigines
Known as liver spots. Brown, flat patches on the face, hands and forearms, common in older adults.
Lentigines are benign lesions that occur on the sun exposed areas of the body
