Week 3

Question 1

What are the 8 steps to a 12 lead ECG interpretation?

Answer 1

1. Rate
2. Rhythm Regular
3. P-waves present, rounded and upright
4. PR interval duration
5. QRS complex duration
6. Q waves
7. ST segment including T waves
8. Lead groupings

Question 2

What does Q waves show?

Answer 2

Left ventricular depolarisation

Question 3

When does abnormal Q waves develop?

Answer 3

Between 24 -72 hours post cardiac arrest

Question 4

What does am abnormal Q waves look like?

Answer 4

> 1mm wide
2mm deep
25% depth of proceeding QRS complex

Question 5

What is a ST segment?

Answer 5

Isoelectric line

Question 6

How does an ST segment Elevation or Depression present?

Answer 6

1. Limb leads >1mm of Elevation in 2 contiguous leads

2. Chest / precordial leads >2mm of Elevation in 2 contiguous leads

Question 7

What is the diagnostic expectation?

Answer 7

Genesis of rhythm + heart rate + infarct pattern or reciprocal change = diagnosis

Question 8

What is the 8 steps of normal sinus rhythm?

Answer 8

1. Rate = 60-100
2. Rhythm = Regular
3. P waves = present, rounded and upright
4. PR Intervals = 0.12 - 0.2 seconds
5. QRS Complex = <0.12
6. Q Waves = <1/4 depth of R wave
7. ST Segment = upright, rounded & isoelectric
8. Lead Groups = NAD

Question 9

What are the 8 steps of Sinus Bradycardia?

Answer 9

1. Rate = <60
2. Rhythm = Regular
3. P waves = mostly present, rounded and upright
4. PR Intervals = 0.12 - 0.2 seconds
5. QRS Complex = <0.12
6. Q Waves = <1/4 depth of R wave
7. ST Segment = upright, rounded & isoelectric
8. Lead Groups = NAD

Question 10

What are the 8 steps of Sinus Tachycardia?

Answer 10

1. Rate = >100
2. Rhythm = Regular
3. P waves = present, rounded and upright
4. PR Intervals = 0.12 - 0.2 seconds
5. QRS Complex = <0.12
6. Q Waves = <1/4 depth of R wave
7. ST Segment = upright, rounded & isoelectric
8. Lead Groups = NAD

Question 11

What are the 8 steps of Sinus Arrythmia?

Answer 11

1. Rate = 60-100
2. Rhythm = irregular
3. P waves = abnormal and inconsistent. Suggestive kf multinomial atrial rhythm.
4. PR Intervals = 0.12 - 0.2 seconds
5. QRS Complex = <0.12
6. Q Waves = <1/4 depth of R wave
7. ST Segment = upright, rounded & isoelectric
8. Lead Groups = ST Elevation in septal leads (reciprocal changes in inferiolateral leads)

Question 12

What is the 8 step of Atrial Fibrillation?

Answer 12

1. Rate = 60-100
2. Rhythm = irregular
3. P waves = present sort of, and not rounded and upright
4. PR Intervals = inconsistent
5. QRS Complex = <0.12
6. Q Waves = <1/4 depth of R wave
7. ST Segment = not upright, rounded & isoelectric
8. Lead Groups = NAD

Question 13

What is the 8 step of Atrial Flutter?

Answer 13

1. Rate = 60-150
2. Rhythm = irregular
3. P waves = present, rounded and upright
4. PR Intervals = 0.12-0.2 seconds
5. QRS Complex = <0.12
6. Q Waves = <1/4 depth of R wave
7. ST Segment = not upright, rounded & isoelectric
8. Lead Groups = NAD

Question 14

What is the 8 step of multifocap Atrial tachycardia?

Answer 14

1. Rate = 60-170
2. Rhythm = fast, narrow, irregular
3. P waves = present and upright, not rounded
4. PR Intervals = Nil too short
5. QRS Complex = <0.12
6. Q Waves = <1/4 depth of R wave
7. ST Segment = not upright, rounded & isoelectric
8. Lead Groups = NAD