Week 3

Question 1

What are the different types of brain tumour?

Answer 1

Primary
Secondary
Metastatic

Question 2

Benign

Answer 2

Grow slowly, do not spread to other tissues and organs and usually will not grow further once surgically removed

Question 3

Malignant

Answer 3

Can grow quickly, spread to other tissues and organs and will regrow if not properly removed
Also known as infiltrating tumors

Question 4

Glioma

Answer 4

Infiltrating malignant tumor from glial cells

Question 5

Glioma

Answer 5

Infiltrating malignant tumor from glial cells - grows diffusely through surrounding tissue. Difficult to remove

Question 6

What happens in a stroke?

Answer 6

Sudden onset cerebrovascular (involved the blood vessels of the brain) disorder that causes brain damage

Disruption to blood flow to the brain

Question 7

How does an ischemic cascade occur?

Answer 7

The glutamate binding to the NMDA receptors in turn causes an influx of Na+ and Ca2+ ions into the postsynaptic neuron and this triggers the same process of destroying the neuron and causing the postsynaptic neuron to also release glutamate. The glutamate released by the postsynaptic neuron then triggers the same process in subsequent neurons, thus we have this cascading effect of neuron damage. This process is what is known as an ischemic cascade.

Question 8

Aneurysm

Answer 8

Cerebral artery breaks open causing bleeding around the brain

Question 9

Infarct tissue

Answer 9

The area of dead or dying tissue produced by a stroke
Penumbra, the tissue surrounding this area. Which may die or recover in the ensuring days. The primary goal of treatment is to save the penumbra.

Question 10

bradykinesia

Answer 10

s a term that’s used to suggest that individuals are having a problem in
executing movements

Question 11

Cerebral ischemia

Answer 11

The main cause of a ischemia
Embolus - blood from a larger vessell is carried to a smalled one
Thrombosis - A blood clot blocks an artery, fat, oil and air bubble

Question 12

akinesia

Answer 12

defined by the fact that

individuals have a problem in initiating movement

Question 13

Meningiomas

Answer 13

Grows between the meninges - encapsulated tumors growing within their own membrane

Question 14

Metastatic tumors

Answer 14

transmission of disease from one organ to another

Question 15

Cerebral hemorrhage

Answer 15

Bleeding in the brain

Blood vessel ruptures and seeps into the surrounding neural tissue and damages it.

Question 16

Aneuryrm

Answer 16

Pathological balloonlike dialation that forms in the wall of an artery wall and bursts.

Question 17

Closed head injuries

Answer 17

Blows to the head that don’t penetrate the skull

Question 18

Contusions

Answer 18

Are closed head injuries that involve damage to the cerebral circulatory system which results in a hematoma - a bruise.

Question 19

Chronic traumatic enecephalonpathy

Answer 19

the dementia - intellectual deterioration and cerebral scarring observed in boxers, rugby players etc.

Question 20

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy

Answer 20

the dementia - intellectual deterioration and cerebral scarring observed in boxers, rugby players etc.

Question 21

Bacterial Infection

Answer 21

Often leads to the formation of cerebral abscesses, pockets of pus in the brain. Bacteria is also the main cause on meningitis - inflammation of the meninges.

Question 22

Viral Infection

Answer 22

Those that have a particular affinity for neural tissue and those that attack neural tissue

Question 23

Apoptosis

Answer 23

Neurons and other cells have genetic programs for destroying themselves