Week 3 Flashcards
What are the different types of brain tumour?
Primary
Secondary
Metastatic
Benign
Grow slowly, do not spread to other tissues and organs and usually will not grow further once surgically removed
Malignant
Can grow quickly, spread to other tissues and organs and will regrow if not properly removed
Also known as infiltrating tumors
Glioma
Infiltrating malignant tumor from glial cells
Glioma
Infiltrating malignant tumor from glial cells - grows diffusely through surrounding tissue. Difficult to remove
What happens in a stroke?
Sudden onset cerebrovascular (involved the blood vessels of the brain) disorder that causes brain damage
Disruption to blood flow to the brain
How does an ischemic cascade occur?
The glutamate binding to the NMDA receptors in turn causes an influx of Na+ and Ca2+ ions into the postsynaptic neuron and this triggers the same process of destroying the neuron and causing the postsynaptic neuron to also release glutamate. The glutamate released by the postsynaptic neuron then triggers the same process in subsequent neurons, thus we have this cascading effect of neuron damage. This process is what is known as an ischemic cascade.
Aneurysm
Cerebral artery breaks open causing bleeding around the brain
Infarct tissue
The area of dead or dying tissue produced by a stroke
Penumbra, the tissue surrounding this area. Which may die or recover in the ensuring days. The primary goal of treatment is to save the penumbra.
bradykinesia
s a term that’s used to suggest that individuals are having a problem in
executing movements
Cerebral ischemia
The main cause of a ischemia
Embolus - blood from a larger vessell is carried to a smalled one
Thrombosis - A blood clot blocks an artery, fat, oil and air bubble
akinesia
defined by the fact that
individuals have a problem in initiating movement
Meningiomas
Grows between the meninges - encapsulated tumors growing within their own membrane
Metastatic tumors
transmission of disease from one organ to another
Cerebral hemorrhage
Bleeding in the brain
Blood vessel ruptures and seeps into the surrounding neural tissue and damages it.
Aneuryrm
Pathological balloonlike dialation that forms in the wall of an artery wall and bursts.
Closed head injuries
Blows to the head that don’t penetrate the skull
Contusions
Are closed head injuries that involve damage to the cerebral circulatory system which results in a hematoma - a bruise.
Chronic traumatic enecephalonpathy
the dementia - intellectual deterioration and cerebral scarring observed in boxers, rugby players etc.
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy
the dementia - intellectual deterioration and cerebral scarring observed in boxers, rugby players etc.
Bacterial Infection
Often leads to the formation of cerebral abscesses, pockets of pus in the brain. Bacteria is also the main cause on meningitis - inflammation of the meninges.
Viral Infection
Those that have a particular affinity for neural tissue and those that attack neural tissue
Apoptosis
Neurons and other cells have genetic programs for destroying themselves
