Week 3 Flashcards
Culture
Thoughts, communication, actions, beliefs, values and institutions of racial, ethnic, religious or social groups
Characteristics of culture
Learned Shared Adapted/associated Dynamic Universal
Ethnicity
Describes a group united by... Common geographic region Migratory status Religion Race Language Shared values, traditions, or symbols Food preferences
Religion
Belief in divine or superhuman power, or powers to be obeyed and worshipped as creator/ruler of universe
System of beliefs, practices, and ethical values
Shared experiences of spirituality
Socialization
Process of being raised within a culture and acquiring characteristics of that group
Acculturation
Process of adapting to and acquiring another culture
Assimilation
Process of developing a new culture identity and becoming like members of dominant culture
Biculturalism
Dual pattern of identification and often of divided loyalty
Stereotyping
All members of a particular culture expecting group members to hold the same beliefs and behave the same way
Ethnocentrism
Perception that ones worldview is the only acceptable truth and that ones beliefs, values and sanctioned behaviors are superior to all others
What is cultural competence?
Knowledge and understanding of another persons culture; adapting interventions and approaches to health care to the specific culture of the patient, family and social group
Culturally sensitive
Possessing basic knowledge of and constructive attitudes toward diverse cultural populations
Culturally appropriate
Applying underlying background knowledge necessary to provide the best possibly health care
Culturally competent
Understanding and attending to total context of patients situation including:
- immigration status
- stress and social factors
- cultural similarities and differences
National Cultural and Linguistic Standards: First Landmark Standard
Healthcare organizations should ensure that patients receive from all staff members effective, understandable, and respectful care that is provided in a manner compatible with their cultural health beliefs and practices and preferred language
Title VI of Civil Rights Act of 1964
Services cannot be denied to people of limited English proficiency
Why are patients who have limited English proficiency (LEP) at risk for poor health care outcomes
Due to the barrier that language presents during healthcare delivery interactions
Steps to cultural competence
- Understand ones own heritage-based values, beliefs, attitudes and practices
- ID meaning of “health” to patient
- Understand how HC system works
- Acquire knowledge about social backgrounds of clients
- Become familiar with languages, interpretive services, and community resources available to nurses and clients
What must the nurse assess first when providing culturally competent health care to an Asian American patient?
The nurses heritage-based cultural values, beliefs, attitudes and practices
Spirituality
A search for meaning and purpose in life. Seeks to understand life’s ultimate questions in relation to the sacred
Defining characteristics of spirituality
Informal Non organized Self-reflection May involved spiritual experiences Subjective, as in difficult to consistently measure (e.g., daily spiritual experiences, spiritual well-being, etc.)
What are modifications to be considered for a culturally competent interview?
Communication
- time
- space
- eye contact and face positioning
- body language and hand gestures
- silence
- touch
Family violence
The controlling, coercive behaviors seen through the intentional actions of violence inflicted on those in familial or intimate relationships; includes intimate partner violence, child abuse and elder mistreatment
Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) - defined by CDC
Physical or sexual violence, use of physical force, or threat of such violence
Psychological or emotional abuse or coercive tactics after prior physical violence between persons who are spouses or non-marital partners of former spouses or non-marital partners
What does the Child Abuse and Prevention Treatment Act (CAPTA) do?
Dictates minimum standards that must be incorporated into state statutes
— most state statutes include neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse
Child Abuse State Statutes: Neglect
Failure to provide for a child’s basic physical, educational, medical and emotional needs
Child Abuse State Statutes: Physical abuse
Physical injury due to punching, beating, kicking, biting, burning, shaking, or otherwise harming a child; even if parent or caretaker did not intend harm, such acts are considered abuse when done purposefully
Child Abuse State Statutes: Sexual Abuse
Includes fondling child’s genitals, incest, penetration, rape, sodomy, indecent exposure, and exploitation through prostitution or production of pornographic materials
Child Abuse State Statutes: Emotional Abuse
Any pattern of behavior that harms child’s emotional development or sense of self-worth; includes frequent belittling, rejection, threats, and withholding of love and support
CDC definition for adolescent dating violence
Physical, sexual or psychological/emotional violence within a dating relationship that includes stalking
— in person or electronically
— present or former partner
Elder Abuse and Neglect Defined:
Almost every state has some form of mandatory reporting of abused elderly and other vulnerable patients
What do you need to have in order to call as a mandatory reporter
You only need to have suspicion that elder abuse or neglect may have occurred to call authorities
American Medical Association (AMA) Definitions of Elder Abuse and Neglect: physical abuse
Violent acts that result or could result in injury, pain, impairment or disease
American Medical Association (AMA) Definitions of Elder Abuse and Neglect: physical neglect
Failure of family or caregiver to provide basic goods and services such as food, shelter, health care and medications
American Medical Association (AMA) Definitions of Elder Abuse and Neglect: psychological abuse
Behaviors that result in mental anguish
American Medical Association (AMA) Definitions of Elder Abuse and Neglect: psychological neglect
Failure to provide basic social stimulation
American Medical Association (AMA) Definitions of Elder Abuse and Neglect: Financial abuse
Intentional misuse of elderly person’s financial and material resources
American Medical Association (AMA) Definitions of Elder Abuse and Neglect: Financial neglect
Failure to use elderly persons assets to provide needed recourses
Health Effects of Violence: Women
Abused women have more chronic health problems (neurological, gastrointestinal, gynecologic, and chronic pain)
Forced sex contributes to reproductive issues (chronic pelvic pain, pregnancy, STIs, HIV, UTI)
Higher mental health issues (depression, SI, PTSD, substance abuse)
Abuse during pregnancy = problems for both mother and child (low birth weight, increased risk for child abuse)
Health effects of elder abuse:
A. Bleeding from trauma —> changes in circulatory homeostasis and fluctuations in BP and pulse, shock and death
B. Infections —> sepsis or death in immunocompromised
C. Cardiac complications from stress
D. STIs and related complications for younger women are present in older sexually assaulted women
Abuse of the elderly is often coupled with what?
Neglect
Family or others working with aging persons may be responsible for actions of neglect whether it is ______ or _______.
Intentional or unintentional
Self-neglect is what
Mandatory reportable activity
Health Effects of Violence: Child Abuse
- Immediate consequences (bruises, fractures, lacerations, shaken baby syndrome)
- Severe mistreatment can lead to long-term disability such as blindness, developmental delay, physical disability or death
- Poor bond with child and caregiver
- Abused children will likely abuse their own children
- Immediate behavioral issues, developmental delays, regression behaviors
