Week 26 Flashcards
Questions
Answers
in the Jewish tradition a foetus is not a person until? However it is still?
Birth; A crime to destroy a foetus but it is not equivalent to murder
what are the general aims of the health system?
Promote; Restore; Maintain health of
? Individuals
? Populations
what are some broad issues that ART policy needs to address?
Infertility & IVF; Embryo experimentation; Gamete donor identity; Prenatal genetic diagnosis & sex selection; Posthumous conception & informed consent; Surrogacy
what states have statutes governing IVF those that do not use?
Victoria SA WA & NSW; NHMRC Guidelines & Fertility Society code
PGD must not be used for?
Preventing non-serious conditions; Sex selection other than preventing serious sex-linked conditions; Selection in favour of a genetic defect or disability
Posthumous conception is was rejected by the courts on the basis of?
lack of explicit consent to posthumous parenthood; and best interests of children
according to Expressivist what are some objections to Prenatal genetic diagnosis?
Prevention of disability implies that disabled children ought not to have been born; & that it is better to eliminate them than to accommodate them
The term ?disability? implies the loss of quality of life
Assumption that disabled children will not fulfil expectations of parents
The status of being disabled is seen as undesirable & burdensome
What are some of the responses to Expressivist objections to Prenatal genetic diagnosis?
preventing disability doesn’t imply current lives not worth living
perception of burdensomeness doesn?t imply one thinks others think the same
disability; not the disabled person; is disvalued
If value of foetal life is low; we are not discriminating against existing disabled people
? most that can be said is that one might feel offended by the idea and practice of preventing disability
according to responses to Expressivist objections to Prenatal genetic diagnosis; Objection to selection decisions implies objection to?
Objecting to selection decisions implies objection to prevention of disabilities in all settings
SO
EO must depend on disability being at least partly identity-constituting
BUT
ALL preventive and corrective decisions (eg folate to prevent SB) reduce the number of people with disability & so these are also negative judgments about the disabled
according to responses to Expressivist objections to Prenatal genetic diagnosis; Even if PGD did amount to discrimination that is outweighed by?
? Benefits to families of avoiding perceived burdens of disability
? Value of reproductive autonomy
The National Health and Medical Research Council Guidelines on artificial reproductive technologies prohibit sex selection for family balancing via prenatal genetic diagnosis
BECAUSE
the Council considers that admission to life should not be conditional on a child being a particular sex.
A. Assertion is true; Reason is true; Reason given is correct reason for Assertion.
B. Assertion is true; Reason is true; Reason given is incorrect reason for Assertion.
C. Assertion is true; Reason is false.
D. Assertion is false; Reason is true.
E. Assertion is false; Reason is false.
Assertion is true; Reason is true; Reason given is correct reason for Assertion.
Courts in Australia have generally rejected claims to undertake posthumous conception (using the sperm from a deceased male in IVF to achieve a pregnancy)
BECAUSE
using sperm collected from a dead donor is more likely to lead to chromosomal abnormalities in the foetus; which would be harmful.
A. Assertion is true; Reason is true; Reason given is correct reason for Assertion.
B. Assertion is true; Reason is true; Reason given is incorrect reason for Assertion.
C. Assertion is true; Reason is false.
D. Assertion is false; Reason is true.
E. Assertion is false; Reason is false.
Assertion is true; Reason is false.
Some members of different disability communities are critical of technologies such as prenatal genetic diagnosis
BECAUSE
most disability rights advocates accept that there are some conditions where prevention of life or termination of affected pregnancies is justified.
A. Assertion is true; Reason is true; Reason given is correct reason for Assertion.
B. Assertion is true; Reason is true; Reason given is incorrect reason for Assertion.
C. Assertion is true; Reason is false.
D. Assertion is false; Reason is true.
E. Assertion is false; Reason is false.
Assertion is true; Reason is true; Reason given is incorrect reason for Assertion.
What is the main legal reason that women who request posthumous IVF (using sperm from their deceased partner to become pregnant using an IVF process) are not permitted to do so?
Lack of explicit/written consent from deceased partner for sperm to be used posthumously to achieve a pregnancy.
