WEEK 25 part 1

Question 1

Define ethics.

Answer 1

The study of what is wrong or right in human conduct.
This branch of philosophy which studies of moral principles.
Hence ethics is known as moral philosophy

Question 2

Define Bioethics.

Answer 2

The branch of applied ethics that studies philosophical, social, and legal issues arising in medicine and the life science. its chiefly concerned with human life and well being.

Question 3

What is the key competency of professionalism in healthcare practice?

Answer 3

Ethical practice

Question 4

differentiates between ethics and molarity

Answer 4

Morality it what we actually do. Ethics what is the right thing to do.

Question 5

What is moral theory?

Answer 5

A framework that guides actions. decide what is right. Explain norms for right action. outline rules for how too apply the guide.

Question 6

List the bioethics

Answer 6

Utilitarianism, Kantian deontology, virtue ethics., social contract theory, principlism.

Question 7

Utilitarianism belongs to the group of?

Answer 7

Consequentialism

Question 8

What does this rule say?

Answer 8

Moral status (rightness or wrongness) of an action is only concerned with its consequences.
The action is right if or only if its promotes the best consequences.

Question 9

In utilitarianism, the net amount of _____ vs ______

Answer 9

Happiness vs pain/suffering

Question 10

List 3 core claims of utilitarianism

Answer 10

The action is judged wrong or right only by the consequences.
Regarding consequences, only the amount of happiness/ unhappiness (utility) matters.
Each person’s happiness counts as equally important/ the same.

Question 11

Problems with utilitarianism

Answer 11

The greatest balance of happiness over unhappiness.
Ignores other aspect of right action, such as inherent morality.
Utilitarianism vs justice
Utilitarianism vs human right
Utilitarianism vs Integrity

Question 12

Kantian Deontology known as?

Answer 12

Rule morality

Question 13

True or false
Kantian Deontology- strict rules of behavior confer moral status.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

According to other utilitarians, what matters is not mere happiness or getting what we want, but doing things that are worthwhile.
true or false

Answer 14

True

Question 15

According to Kantian Deontology actions are what?

Answer 15

Action have inherent moral worth , regardless of consequences.

Question 16

According Kantian Deontology where do rules comes from?

Answer 16

from our rational capacity as human beings.
1. Capacity for freedom
2. Capacity for reason

Question 17

According to Kantian Deontology, acting morally means?

Answer 17

Always doing one’s duty.

Question 18

DUTY MEANING ACCORDING TO KANTIAN DEONTOLOGY.

Answer 18

Doing the right thing for the right reason.

Question 19

Problems with Kantian deontology.

Answer 19

Difficult to formulate a practical guide
Rules inflexible (universal law)
Duty to truth vs cost to ignoring the consequences.
Moral rules in conflict
Duty to protect the patient’s confidentiality vs Duty to prevent harm.

Question 20

According to Kantian Deontology
an act is morally right if and only if a person can consistently will that the maxim supporting the action should apply always and everywhere.
True or False

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Virtue ethics aka?

Answer 21

Character ethics

Question 22

Virtue ethics focuses on?

Answer 22

Character rather than action

Question 23

Problems with virtue ethics.

Answer 23

No clear action guideline
Also, don’t guide public policy
Critic no a complete moral theory-rather supplementary

Question 24

True or false
1. Character of the person committing an action makes it moral
2. Right act done without virtue and wrong act done with virtue
3. Good people will right do deed that produce good.
4.It is concerned with the characteristic of the act or also consequences.

Answer 24

1. True
2. False
3. True
4. False

Question 25

What is virtue?

Answer 25

The character trait that is good for a person to have.
Demonstrated in habitual action (sustain good deed)

Question 26

Golden mean?

Answer 26

Virtues are midway between the two extremes of excess and deficiency
Pride (between vanity and exaggerated human being)
Generosity (between extravagance and stinginess)

Question 27

Under social contract theory, Morality results

Answer 27

contracts that people share to make life tolerable.

Question 28

Finish the following hobbes
1. Primitive life =
2. Law and morality arise from fear =
3. Survival request supreme ruler=

Answer 28

1. War of all against all.
2. Arise from the need to protect ourselves from ourselves and others
3. Prevent destroying each other

Question 29

Explain under the theory of justice looking at social contract theory.

Answer 29

Society = communal effort to advance the good of all
o Advantage/disadvantage due to birth, natural gift, historical
circumstance etc.
o Make more equal these “accidents of biology and history”
o Equal distribution of goods & services (unless unequal favours all)

Question 30

How to ensure the theory of justice

Answer 30

o Plan the societal contract behind a “VEIL OF IGNORANCE”
(without knowing where will end up)
o Will ensure essential needs of all met
o Will ensure worst off position tolerable as possible