Week 2.1: Organisation of the Cerebral Hemisphere Flashcards
What structures make up the cerebral hemispheres?
The cerebral hemispheres include the cerebral cortex (frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and insula lobes), underlying white matter, and basal ganglia.
What is the function of the cerebral cortex?
The cerebral cortex is the outer layer of gray matter involved in advanced brain functions such as perception, thought, and voluntary movement.
What is the surface area of the cerebral cortex?
About 2300 cm², with two-thirds hidden within sulci and fissures.
What are gyri and sulci?
Gyri are the crests (ridges) of cortical folds, and sulci are the grooves that separate them.
What is the function of cortical folding?
Cortical folding increases surface area, allowing more cortex to fit within the cranial vault.
What does the lateral cerebral fissure separate?
It separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes; the insula lies deep within it.
What does the longitudinal cerebral fissure separate?
It separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres.
What does the central sulcus separate?
It separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe.
What does the parieto-occipital fissure separate?
It separates the parietal lobe from the occipital lobe on the medial surface of the hemisphere.
Where is the calcarine fissure located?
On the medial surface of the occipital lobe, near the occipital pole.
What gyri are found in the frontal lobe?
Superior, middle, and inferior frontal gyri, along with precentral gyrus, orbital gyri, cingulate gyrus, and paracentral lobule.
What divides the frontal gyri?
The superior and inferior frontal sulci divide the lateral surface into the three frontal gyri.
What are the parts of the inferior frontal gyrus?
The orbital part, triangular part, and opercular part.
Where is the cingulate gyrus located?
On the medial surface between the cingulate sulcus and corpus callosum.
Where is the paracentral lobule located?
On the medial surface, continuing from the precentral and postcentral gyri.
What sulcus lies behind the postcentral gyrus in the parietal lobe?
The postcentral sulcus.
What does the intraparietal sulcus separate?
The superior parietal lobule from the inferior parietal lobule.
What is the supramarginal gyrus?
A gyrus of the inferior parietal lobule that arches above the lateral cerebral fissure.
What is the angular gyrus?
A gyrus that arches above the superior temporal sulcus and connects with the middle temporal gyrus.
Where is the precuneus located?
On the medial surface between the parieto-occipital fissure and the cingulate sulcus.
What does the calcarine fissure divide in the occipital lobe?
It divides the medial surface into the cuneus and the lingual gyrus.
What is the function of the striate cortex?
It serves as the primary visual cortex.
What is the cuneus?
A wedge-shaped area between the calcarine and parieto-occipital fissures.
Where is the lingual gyrus located?
Below the calcarine fissure on the medial occipital surface.
