Week 2.04

Question 1

There are numerous clinical risk factors for osteoporotic fracture. which of the following findings is the most important in regards to future fracture risk?

Answer 1

Prevalent fractures

Question 2

Bone mineral density correlates with osteoporotic fracture risk. Which of the following methods is the standard test to measure bone mineral density and why?

Answer 2

Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) - because it has been validated in regards to fracture risk prediction and has a low radiation exposure.

Question 3

Which statement is correct?

Answer 3

The T-score compares the test result to the mean bone mineral density of a sex-matched reference group at age 30 years (i.e. mean peak bone mass).

Question 4

Which of the following are typical clinical signs of osteoporotic spine fractures?

Answer 4

Severe acute back pain, chronic back pain, loss of height, stooped posture (kyphosis)

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT recommended by current guidelines for the non-pharmacological treatment of osteoporosis?

Answer 5

Vertebroplasty to treat acute back pain.

Question 6

Which of the following agents is NOT an inhibitor of bone resorption?

Answer 6

Parathyroid hormone analogues (e.g. teriparatide)

Question 7

Which of the following are features of osteoporosis?

Answer 7

Reduced trabecular connectivity.

Question 8

Which of the following statements related to bone turnover is incorrect?

Answer 8

Bone loss after the menopause in females is readily reversible with appropriate treatment, even if up to 50% of bone loss has occurred.

Question 9

In relation to bone remodelling

Answer 9

Excess glucocorticoids suppress bone formation

Question 10

Risk factors for low bone density include all of the following EXCEPT

Answer 10

Increased physical cavity

Question 11

Which of the following are unlikely to help reduce post-menopausal bone loss

Answer 11

Reduced calcium intake

Question 12

Which of the following are common features of osteomalacia

Answer 12

Impaired mineral deposition in bone.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about cells of bones are incorrect?

Answer 13

Bone resorting cells are osteocytes.

Question 14

Which of the following is out of sequence in the process of bone remodelling?

Answer 14

Mineral phase in which calcium and phosphate are deposited.

Question 15

Which of the following statements concerning bone remodelling is untrue?

Answer 15

Bed rest commonly results in the loss of over 90% of skeletal mass after one week.

Question 16

In bone resorption and formation

Answer 16

Increases in bone mass will occur if the rate of formation exceeds the rate of resorption.

Question 17

Factors which may significantly influence bone mass include all of the following except

Answer 17

Fibre intake