Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Block 2 > Other Rheumatic Conditions > Flashcards

Other Rheumatic Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Define ‘psoriasis’

A

Systemic chronic inflammatory disease involving hyperproliferation of epidermal keratinocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Aetiology of psoriasis

A
  • Genetic factors
  • Environmental factors
  • Immunological factors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Histopathology of psoriasis

A

Key: altered epidermis cell cycle:

  • improper cell maturation -> Epidermal hyperplasia
  • increased cell turnover - 3 to 5 days

Stratum granulosum become parakeratinized

  • low lipid release = low adhesion
  • Stratum corneum is flakey and scaly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Patient population targeted by psoriasis

A
  • All ages (mean 28 years)

- Females slightly more affect than males

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe chronic stationary psoriasis (psoriasis vulgaris)

A
  • Most common - 80% of all psoriasis
  • Lesions are red, inflamed, and raise with white scales
  • Affect scalp, knee, elbows, and genital region
  • Lesions are itchy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe psoriatic arthritis

A
  • 10-30% of people with skin symptoms
  • Manifest >10 years of skin symptoms
  • Inflammatory arthritis of hands and feet joints (sometimes larger joints)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe nail psoriasis

A
  • 50% of people with skin condition and 90% with psoriatic arthritis
  • Nails are yellow/brown and pitted, and tender
  • Separation form nail bed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe inverse psoriasis

A
  • Smooth, shiny, red lesions (no scales)

- Affects armpits, groin, under breast, and in skinfolds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe oral psoriasis

A
  • uncommon

- affects angle of mouth and crosses lips to surround skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Treatments for the various rheumatic arthritic conditions

A

Same as other inflammatory rheumatic conditions:

e.g. corticosteroid and DMARDs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe Sjogren’s Syndrome

A
  • Slowly progressing autoimmune disease
  • Lymphatic infiltration of exocrine glands, especially lacrimal and salivary glands: secretions stopped by lymphocyte infiltration and glandular fibrosis
  • Secondary Sjogren - occurs with another autoimmune or connective tissue disease: e.g. with Rheumatoid arthritis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe affected population of Sjogren’s syndrome

A
  • 1-3% of adult population

- Females 9x more than males

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Clinical manifestations of Sjogren’s Syndrome

A
  • Fatigue
  • Salivary gland enlargement
  • Dry eyes (Xerophthalmia): conjunctivitis and irritation
  • Dry mouth (Xerostomia): difficulty swallowing and dental caries risk.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Diagnosis/Investigations of Sjogren’s Syndrome

A

Salivary glands test:

  • Salivary flow test
  • Sialography (X-ray)
  • Salivary gland biopsy

Blood test

  • Elevated erythryocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
  • Anemia
  • Presence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA)
  • Presence of Rheumatoid factor (RF)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Orofacial problems of Sjogren’s syndrome

A
  • Risk of severe dental caries: especially cervical and root surface lesions
  • Difficulty eating/swallowing
  • Poor retention of complete dentures (need surface tension)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe SLE (Systemic lupus erythematosis)

A
  • autoimmune disease
  • causes chronic inflammatory injury to blood vessels and organ systems
  • Typically presented as episodic symptoms
17
Q

Affected population of SLE

A
  • Mean diagnosis at age 30

- Female&raquo_space; male

18
Q

Clinical features of SLE

A
  • Arthritis in 90% of SLE
  • Skin - SLE specific rashes (e.g. Butterfly rash on face)
  • General - headache and fatigue
  • Lung - pleural disease
  • Kidney - renal disease
  • Cardiovascular - heart disease
  • Neurological - seizures and brain disease
  • Haematological disorders - anaemia and thrombocytopaenia
  • Reynaud’s phenomenon - vascular occlusion in digits
  • GIT - Oral ulcers
19
Q

Investigations/diagnosis of SLE

A
  • Above features
  • Anti-nuclear antibodies
  • Biopsy
20
Q

Describe gout

A
  • Acute rheumatoid mono-arthritis

- Crystal-induced inflammation in synovial joints, usually big toe

21
Q

Affected population of gout

A
  • More common in men (only syndrome studied in class that is more common in male)
  • > 50% of cases involve big toe
22
Q

Pathology of gout

A
  • Purine breakdown leads to uric acid waste
  • When plasma (urate) > saturation (>0.42 mmol/L), sodium urate crystals MAY form
  • Nucleating factors are important for urate crystal growth: only 20% of hyperuricaemia people form crystals
  • Crystals form mainly in joints
  • Acute gout attack caused by interaction between inflammatory system and crystals: swelling/redness, intense pain, only short duration
  • Chronic gout occurs after year of acute attacks: joint destruction due to infection of synovial membrane and urate crystals in bones (intraosseous tophi)
23
Q

Risk factors for gout:

A
  • Obesity
  • Hypertension
  • Excess alcohol
24
Q

Diagnosis for gout

A
  • Monosodium urate crystals found in synovial fluid: identified with polarized light microscopy

Block 2 (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions