Week 2 : Zoonoses, Transmission and Controls

Question 1

What is Zoonoses?

Answer 1

A disease that can be transmitted from animals to people , or a disease that exists in animals but that can infect humans.

Question 2

List the types of mode of transmission

Answer 2

1. Direct - spread by close contact

2. Indirect - biological vector

Question 3

What is horizontal transmission?

Answer 3

Direct or indirect from an infected individuals to susceptible hosts of the same generation.

Can infect interspecies

Question 4

What is Vertical Transmission?

Answer 4

Occurs from one generation to one another.

Prenatal or neonatal.

Question 5

Define Cycloozoonosis

Answer 5

require to species of vertebrae as definitive and intermediate host to complete life cycle of an agent. e.g Taenia

Question 6

What is Metazoonosis

Answer 6

Transmitted to vertebrae by invertebrates as it depends on invertebrates vector to complete life cycle. e.g. Trypanosoma

Question 7

What is Saprozoonosis

Answer 7

Infectious agent capable replicating in inanimate object such as soil, plants etc.
e,g : Histoplasmosis, Toxocara spp.

Question 8

What is Anthropozoonoses?

Answer 8

A disease that is transmissible from an animal to a human, or vice versa, under natural conditions
e.g Listeria monocytogenes.

Question 9

What is Zooanthroponoses?

Answer 9

Pathogens reservoired in humans that are capable of being transmitted to non-human animal.

e.g : Brucella, antrax

Question 10

What is amphixenoses?

Answer 10

A zoonosis that can be passed from humans to other species as well as being passed from another species to a human.

e,g Streptococcus infection

Question 11

List for chain of infection

Answer 11

1. Infectious agent
2. Reservoir
3. Portal of Exit
4. Mode of Transmission
5. Portal of Entry
6. Susceptible host

Question 12

Reservoir vs Host?

Answer 12

Reservoir - can be infected but never develop the disease

Carrier - Can be infected and not develop disease.
Can also be infected and develops the disease. Carrier can be source of infection.

Question 13

Characteristic of reservoir?

Answer 13

1. Longevity/Lifespan
2. Habitat/Ecology
3. Amplify host-able to produce microbes in larg enuber
4. Produce high level of antibody
5. SPecialized traits
6. Minimal pathological lesion on organ
7. Microorganism co-exist ith microflora in the host system.

Question 14

How can host become carriers?

Answer 14

1. Pathogenicity of the organims
2. Immune response of host
3. Genetic of microbes
4. Co- infection ith other diseases
5. Stress factor
6. Age susceptibility

Question 15

How to break chain of infection?

Answer 15

Personal hygiene
Isolation
Immunization
Quarantine
Pest Control
Food inspection
Waste disposal
PPE
Avoidance
etc