Week 2: Verbal and Non-verbal Communication and Attending Behaviours Flashcards
Communication: What is it?
Is an ongoing, dynamic and multidimensional process where messages are conveyed verbally, nonverbally, concretely an symbolically
Interpersonal Communication: What is it?
Is the one-to-one interaction between the nurse and patient that often occurs face-to-face. Most frequently used in nursing practice
Basic Elements of the Communication Process
what - message
who - sender/receiver
why - referent
Non-verbal Communication
55% - body movements, face, arms
38% - voice tone, modulation, pauses
7% - words
Functions of Nonverbal Communication
-Contradicting
-Emphasizing
-Regulating
-Complementing
-Substituting
Nonverbal Cues Include
shaking hands, posture, facial expressions, appearance, voice, tone, etc.
Voice
“Paralanguage” - It’s not only about what you say but how you say it
-The oral delivery of a verbal message, expressed through tone and voice, inflection, sighing, speed of delivery, pitch
How masks interfere with Communication
-Eliminate the roles of the middle and lower face
-Make it hard to hear due to a muffled voice
-More difficult to express yourself and difficult to read or interpret the meaning behind what is said
-Enhances difficulty for people with speech impediments or hearing disabilities
Enhancing Communication with a Mask
-Covid-19 Greeting Gestures
-Body Language
-Posture
-Appearance
-Touch (a vital form of communication)
Attending Behaviours
-Attending means paying close attention
-Consist of posture, eye contact and facial expression
-Effective attending skills communicates interest and a desire to understand
-Ineffective attending skills decrease likelihood of developing helping relationship
Listening vs Hearing
Listening
-Foundational skill for helping and most ancient of healthcare skills
-“Being with” another
-Ability to understand and correctly interpret message
Hearing
-One stage of listening
-“being there”
-Ears pick up sounds waves and transmits them to the brain
Active Listening
-“A dynamic, interactive process in which a nurse
-hears a client’s message
-decodes its meaning
-provides feedback to the client regarding the nurses understanding of the message”
-Listening is a deliberate act that requires a conscious commitment from the listener
Characteristics essential to listening
-Empathy
-Silence
-Attention to verbal and non-verbal
-Ability to be nonjudgmental and accepting
-Open body language
-Careful observation
Listening involves the ability to detect:
-Verbal and nonverbal cues
-Feelings/emotions in a client’s tone of voice and facial expression
-Incongruencies between what the client is stating and what you are seeing nonverbally
Silence
-Effective listening tool
-May be difficult to do as nurses often “action-oriented” and feel they must “do something”