Week 1: Elements of a Helping Relationship Flashcards
Nursing Theory: What is it?
-aims to describe, predict and explain the phenomena of nursing
-offers a sense of identity and provides an understanding of nurses’ purpose and role in healthcare
-IN ESSENCE ~ Nursing theory guides practice
Nursing Theory: Roots (EDPP)
Theories are rooted in the discipline’s history and traditions
-Explains
-Describes
-Predicts
-Prescribes
Nursing: What is it
An art and a science
-it is about understanding the human condition, in all its complexity, to help deal with anything that affects their health
Importance of Nursing Theory
-Encourages us to think creatively and look beyond norms
-Encourages us to examine day-to-day practice in order to understand the complexities of nursing
-Provide nurses with identity, clarity and direction
-Provide sense of pride that our work is meaningful and valued
Classification of Nursing Theories
Metatheory - Abstract concepts and phenomena
Grand Theory - Conceptual frameworks ~ explains how nurses organize knowledge about nursing to understand client’s situation
Middle Range Theory - More precise and specific to limited situations
Practice Theory - Explores a particular situation found in nursing
Other Classifications - Include Needs’ Theories, Outcome Theories, Interaction Theories and Humanistic Theories
Nursing Theorists Timeline (1860 - 1980’s on)
1860 - Florence Nightingale
1950 - Peplau
1960’s - Abdellag; Orlando; Weidenbach; Hall
1970’s - Rogers; Orem; King; Neuman; Roy; Newman; Paterson; Zderad
1980’s on - Watson; Parse; Leininger; Benner; Wrubel
Interaction Theories
Revolve around the relationships nurses form with patients (Peplau, 1988)
Social Relationship
-Equal Responsibility
-Spontaneous
-Self-disclosure expected
Therapeutic Relationship
-Helper responsible for conduct of relationship
-Specific purpose/goal
-Focus on needs of client
-Self-disclosure limited
Effective helping
An act of enabling individuals or groups to become better able to solve problems, meet needs, or achieve aspirations
-“Effective” in the nursing care context refers to interpersonal interaction between nurse and patients that are helpful to patients
Consequences of effective helping
-The health of the client may be enhanced
-Assists the rate of patient recovery, decreases reported pain, drug usage, postoperative complications, and length of stay
Consequences of ineffective helping
-Learned helplessness
-Paternalism
-Decreases self-esteem
-Non-contingent helping or Materialism
Therapeutic Relationship: What is it
-Is grounded in an interpersonal process between nurse and client(s).
-Are purposeful, goal-directed relationships that are directed at advancing the best interest and outcome of the client
RNAO Best Practice Guideline (2006): Establishing Therapeutic Relationships
-Acquire the necessary knowledge to participate effectively in therapeutic relationships
-Requires reflective practice
Understand the process of a therapeutic relationship and be able to recognize the current stage with patients
-Empathy
-Interpersonal relationships between patients and nurses humanize healthcare
CNO Therapeutic Nurse-Client Relationship (2006): Four statements of nurse accountabilities
-Therapeutic Communication
-Client-centered care
-Maintaining boundaries
-Protecting the client from abuse
CNO Therapeutic Nurse-Client Relationship: Components
-Trust ~ opinions, values, beliefs
-Power ~ positionality
-Respect ~ treat with respect, make them feel valued
-Empathy ~ empathy vs sympathy, validate their feelings
-Professional Intimacy ~ bedside manners, knowledge of patient
Trust
-Build trust ~ trust is built in small amounts
-Sliding door moments ~ opportunities to build trust
-As nurses, we need to ask for help to:
-we can’t assume we know their story
Definition: “Choosing to make something important to you vulnerable to the actions of others”
Fill in the blanks:
The nurse assumes the role of professional helper and comes to know the client as an _______________ who has unique ___________.
Individual
Needs
Fill in the blank:
The nurse-client relationship is a ____________________ relationship.
Therapeutic
Fill in the blank:
The relationship is characterized by the nurse’s ___________________ acceptance of the client.
Non-judgmental
Fill in the blank:
A helping relationship does not just happen between a nurse and client, nurses must create it through the development of ___________.
Trust
