Week 2 (Sulfuric acid) Flashcards
Sulfuric acid is also known as
oil of vitriol, vitriol brown oil, mottling acid
Sulfuric acid is a mineral acid composed of the elements
hydrogen, sulfur, and oxygen
Sulfuric acid has a _________ solution
98 - 99.5%
sulfuric acid can be found in
battery acid, electrolytic acid
(true or false)
sulfuric acid is highly corrosive weak mineral acid
false
(strong)
sulfuric acid is has a what smell and taste?
pungent-ethereal
color of sulfuric acid?
colorless to slightly yellow viscous liquid
(true or false)
sulfuric acid is soluble in water at all concentrations
true
historical name of sulfuric acid
oil of vitriol
sulfuric acid can cause chemical burns via _________
hydrolysis
sulfuric acid can cause secondary thermal burns via ______
dehydration
sulfuric acid is ______, readily absorbing water vapor from air
hygroscopic
Some of the earliest discussions on the origin and properties of vitriol is in the works of the _______ and ________
Greek Physician Dioscorides (first century AD)
Roman Naturalist Pliny the Elder (23-79 AD)
he discussed the vitriol’s medical use
Galen
Metallurgical uses for vitriolic substances were recorded in the Hellenistic alchemical works of ___________, in the treatise Phisica et Mystica, and the Leyden
papyrus X.
Zosimos of Panopolis
Sulfuric acid was called “oil of vitriol” by medieval European alchemists because it
was prepared by roasting _________
oil of vitriol (Iron (II) Sulfate)
In the 17th century, he prepared sulfuric acid by burning sulfur together with saltpeter in the presence of steam
German-dutch Johann Glauber
In 17th century, German-dutch Johann Glauber prepared sulfuric acid by
burning the sulfur together with saltpeter in the presence of steam
saltpeter is
Potassium nitrate (KNO3)
as saltpeter decomposes, it oxidizes the sulfur to ____, which combines with water to produce sulfuric acid
SO3
In 1736, ______ a london pharmacist, used this method to begin the first large-scale production of sulfuric acid
Joshua Ward
In 1746 in Birmingham, ___________adapted this method to produce sulfuric acid
in lead-lined chambers, which were stronger, less expensive, and could be made larger
than the previously used glass containers.
John Roebuck
This process allowed the effective industrialization of sulfuric acid production. After several refinements, this method, called the _________, remained the standard for sulfuric acid production for almost 200 years.
lead chamber process or chamber
process
pyrite or ______
iron disulfide (FeS2)
________is passed into the lead chamber from glover tower. Afterwards, it is washed using ________
hot sulfur dioxide
nitrous vitriol
glover acid is approximately ______ sulfuric acid
78%
the _________ contains a mixture of gases, such as oxygen, nitrogen, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and steam
glover tower
The lead chamber has a series of chambers ranging from
3 to 12
the gases produced in lead chamber are referred to as a________ and contain between _______ sulfuric acid
chamber acid or fertilizer acid
62 - 68%
In 1831, british vinegar merchant _________patented contact process
Peregrine Phillips
In 1831, British vinegar merchant Peregrine Phillips patented the ______
contact process
it was a far more economical process for producing sulfur trioxide and concentrated sulfuric acid
contact process
Sulfur of greater than ________ is used for the production of sulfuric acid
99% purity
sulfur is normally present in the ______
flakes or granules
it is used for the production of sulfuric acid to avoid difficulties in process equipment
demineral water
At proper operating condition, how many mole of water is required for every mole of sulfuric acid
1 mole
it is a specially purified water that has had most or all of its mineral and salt ions removed
demineralised water
demineralised water is also known as
deionised water, DI, Demin water
is usually freer of mineral ions depending on the number of processes used to make it
demineralised water
may have less organic contaminants, as deionisation does not removed uncharged molecules such as bacteria or viruses
distilled water
leaves behind less scale than distillation, and so has a cleaner production
deionisation
the contact process relies on _______ for the manufacture of sulfuric acid
elemental sulfur
Sulfur dioxide is obtained by roasting the respective _________ in air
metal sulfide ores (PbS-Galena)
The conversion of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide is an
exothermic reaction
The reactor has four beds of catalysts referred to as a ________
converter
in conversion of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide takes place in the presence of _______
Vanadium (V) oxide (V2O5)
______are added to function as promoters thereby lowering the melting point of the catalyst
cesium pellets
when sulfur trioxide is first absorbed into concentrated sulfuric acid, it results in the formation of ______
oleum
grades of sulfuric acid
10% ______
29 - 32% _____
62 - 70% ______
78 - 80% _____
98% ______
dilute sulfuric acid
battery acid
chamber acid/ fertilizer acid
tower/ glover acid
concentrated sulfuric acid
diprotic means
can donate two protons
