Week 1 Flashcards
Hydrochloric acid was known to European alchemists as
spirit of salt or acidum salis
Common name for hydrochloric acid
muriatic acid
muriatic means
pertaining to brine or salt
muriate means
hydrochloride
the name hydrochloric acid acid was coined by the French chemist
Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac (1814)
Gaseous HCl was called
marine acid air
hydrochloric acid has been an important and frequently used chemical from early history and was discovered by the alchemist________ in the year_______
Jabir ibn Hayyan
800 AD
It is a mixture of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid, prepared by dissolving sal ammoniac in nitric acid
aqua regia
aqua regia is prepared by
dissolving sal ammoniac nitric acid
aqua regia was described in the work of
Pseudo-Geber
the first mention of aqua regia is in _______ dating the end of the 13th century
Byzantine manuscripts
Free hydrochloric acid was first formally described in the 16th century by ______
Libavius
Libavius prepared free hydrochloric acid by
heating salt in clay crucibles
_________ of Leeds, England prepared pure hydrogen chloride in _____
Joseph Priestley
1772
He proved that the chemical composition included hydrogen and chlorine
Humphry Davy 1808
A new industrial process
developed by _______ enabled cheap large-scale production of ______ (soda ash)
Nicolas Leblanc
sodium carbonate
In the Leblanc process, common salt is converted to ______ using ______, ________and _______, releasing hydrogen chloride as by-product
soda ash
sulfuric acid
limestone
coal
It was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840
Industrial revolution also known as the first industrial revolution
This transition included going from hand production methods to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes, the increasing use of steam power and water power, the
development of machine tools and the rise of the mechanized factory system.
Industrial revolution also as first industrial revolution
The act that mandates the soda ash producers were obliged to absorb the waste gas in water, producing hydrochloric acid on an industrial scale.
British alkali act 1863
In the 20th century, the Leblanc process was effectively replaced by the _________ without a hydrochloric acid by-product.
Solvay process
Is an industrial process for the production of hydrogen chloride and sodium sulfate from sulfuric acid and sodium chloride
Manheim process
product produce of manheim process
hydrogen chloride and sodium sulfate
raw materials of manheim process
sulfuric acid and sodium chloride
is used to produce potassium sulfate from potassium chloride
manheim furnace
is the stage in the leblanc process for the production of sodium carbonate
manheim process
temperature of manheim furnace required
600- 700 degrees celsius
The stationary plate is up to______ in diameter
6m or 20 ft
is a clear, colorless, fuming, poisonous, highly acidic, aqueous solution
hydrochloric acid
A saturated solution of hydrochloric contains about how many percent of HCl
43%
Special alloys include______
tantalum, nickel-molybdenum
Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid, since it is completely dissociated in water. It can therefore be used to prepare salts containing the Cl– anion called
chlorides
least likely to undergo an interfering oxidation-reduction reaction
monoprotic acid
Hydrochloric acid is frequently used in chemical analysis to _____ samples for analysis
prepare or digest
30% to 35%, optimized to balance transport efficiency and product loss through evaporation.
bulk industrial-grade
In the United States, solutions of between ________ are sold as muriatic acid
20% and 32%
Solutions for household purposes in the US, mostly cleaning, are typically _______
with strong recommendations to dilute before use.
10% to 12%,
what is the most common regeneration process
pyrohydrolysis process
_____ are used as flocculation and coagulation agents in sewage treatment, drinking water production, and paper production
iron (III) chloride and polyaluminum chloride (PAC)
used for electroplating
nickel (II) chloride
used for galvanizing industry and battery production
zinc chloride
in food industry, HCl is used as an ________ in product synthesis reactions to acidify a cornstarch solution and begin carbohydrate breakdown
acid-enzyme
