Week 2 - Study Guide - Vocabulary

Question 1

Research Design

Answer 1

this is a detail outline of the plan for the collection, measurement and analysis of data created to answer the research question.

Question 2

Research Strategies

Answer 2

This is the plan for achieving a certain research goal. It will help the researcher reach the research objectives to answer the research question.

Question 3

Experiment

Answer 3

This is usually associated with causal research and/or hypothetico-deductive approach to research

Question 4

Survey Research

Answer 4

This is a system for collecting information from or about people to describe, compare or explain their knowledge. Surveys are commonly used in exploratory and descriptive research to collect data about people, event.

Question 5

Action Research

Answer 5

This is a research method that involves conducting the research while taking action to solve the problem.

Question 6

Researcher Interference

Answer 6

deliberate actions that can reduce a researcher’s ability to conduct research and communicate their results

Question 7

Study setting (Contrived/Non-contrived; lab, field, quasi-field)

Answer 7

Contrived - an artificial setting where causal studies are done in a lab setting.
Non-contrived setting is a natural setting Exploratory and descriptive (correlational) studies are invariably conducted.

Question 8

Field Study

Answer 8

These are studies done in non-contrived setting.

Question 9

Field experiment

Answer 9

Studies conducted to establish cause-and-effect relationships using the same natural environment in which the subject under study normally function.

Question 10

Lab experiment

Answer 10

This is to establish a cause-and-effect relationship beyond the possibility of the least doubt requires the creation of an artificial, contrived environment in which all the extreneous factors are strictly controled.

Question 11

Unit of analysis

Answer 11

This is the level of aggregation at which information is analyzed and conclusions are drawn

Question 12

cross-sectional

Answer 12

observational studies that analyze data from a population at a single point in time

Question 13

Longitudinal

Answer 13

a research method that involves observing the same variables over a long period of time

Question 14

Timeseries

Answer 14

a statistical method that studies data points collected over a period of time to identify patterns, trends, and seasonality

Question 15

Pragmatism

Answer 15

a philosophical approach that prioritizes the practical usefulness and applicability of research findings to real-world problems

Question 16

Positivistic

Answer 16

a philosophical approach that emphasizes the use of objective, measurable data and standardized methods to uncover “truth” about a phenomenon

Question 17

Deductive

Answer 17

an approach where a researcher starts with an existing theory, formulates a hypothesis based on that theory, and then collects data to test and either confirm or refute the hypothesis

Question 18

Inductive

Answer 18

a research approach where a researcher starts by collecting data and observations, then analyzes those observations to identify patterns and develop theories or hypotheses based on the emerging patterns

Question 19

Abductive

Answer 19

a research approach that involves actively moving between existing theories and empirical data to generate new insights or refine existing theories by seeking the “best explanation” for observed phenomena

Question 20

Purposes of research

Answer 20

to increase knowledge within a specific field by systematically investigating phenomena, exploring new ideas, testing theories, and collecting evidence to understand and explain issues

Question 21

Mono, mixed and multi method

Answer 21

Mono -mono-method” refers to using only one data collection method (like surveys or interviews) in a study

Mixed -mixed-method” combines both qualitative and quantitative approaches

Multi-method -multi-method” signifies using multiple methods within the same category (like different types of surveys or qualitative interviews)

Question 22

Criteria for the assessment of research designs

Answer 22

appropriateness to the research question,
clarity of variables and hypotheses, validity, reliability, generalizability, ethical considerations, sampling method,
data collection methods, data analysis plan, potential biases, and the feasibility of conducting the study within the given constraints

Question 23

Disclosure and informed consent

Answer 23

critical components of the ethical conduct of research with human subjects. The informed consent process involves:
Disclosing information: Providing potential research subjects with the information they need to make an informed decision
Facilitating understanding: Ensuring that the subjects understand the information that has been disclosed
Promoting voluntariness: Ensuring that the decision to participate in the research is voluntary

Question 24

Privacy

Answer 24

Privacy in research is the right of research participants to control how their personal information is accessed and used. It includes the right to control how others see, touch, or obtain information about them

Question 25

Confidentiality

Answer 25

“confidentiality” refers to the ethical obligation of a researcher to protect the privacy of a participant’s identifiable information by ensuring that data collected is handled, stored, and disseminated in a way that prevents disclosure of their identity

Question 26

Deception

Answer 26

the act of intentionally misleading research participants by providing false information or withholding crucial details about the study’s purpose or procedures

Question 27

Duty of safety

Answer 27

taking all necessary steps to minimize harm to themselves, research participants, and the environment by properly assessing risks, following established safety protocols, using appropriate protective equipment

Question 28

Debriefing

Answer 28

the process of providing participants with full information about a study after they have completed their involvement

Question 29

Data censoring

Answer 29

a statistical condition where the value of a measurement or observation is only partially known

Question 30

Data retention & sharing

Answer 30

the practice of storing research data for a specific period of time while also making it accessible to other researchers, usually by depositing it in a data repository, to allow for reuse and further analysis

Question 31

Belmont Principles (and Nuremberg code)