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Conditions > week 2 stages of healing > Flashcards

week 2 stages of healing Flashcards

1
Q

3 Phases of tissue repair

A
  1. Acute Phase: Inflammatory
  2. Subacute Phase: Proliferation
  3. Chronic Phase: Remodeling
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2
Q

Length of Healing Stage is determined by:

A
  1. Type of tissue
  2. Trauma level
  3. Blood supply to area
  4. Age
  5. Comorbidities
  6. Lifestyle
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3
Q

Acute Phase

A

-Stage 1
-release of chemical triggers inflammatory response
-24-48 hours- 2 weeks

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4
Q

Signs of Acute Inflammatory Response

A
  1. redness
  2. swelling
  3. pain
  4. heat
  5. loss of function
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5
Q

Goals in the Acute Phase

A
  1. Reduce pain & inflammation
  2. Protect from further injury
  3. Prevent muscle atrophy
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6
Q

Treatment in Acute Phase

A
  1. Education
  2. Rest
  3. Elevation/Compression
  4. Protection
  5. Ice
  6. Electrotherapy
  7. Exercise as tolerated
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7
Q

Sub-acute phase

A

-repair of injured tissue
-re-absorption of inflammatory tissue
-48h-6-12 weeks

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8
Q

Goals of sub-acute phase

A
  1. Regain ROM & flexibility
  2. Rebuild Strength
  3. Prevent reinjury
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9
Q

Treatment of sub-acute phase

A
  1. Address inflammation
  2. Electrotherapy
  3. Protection
  4. Education
  5. Progressive exercise (Concentric/stretching)
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10
Q

Remodeling phase

A

-Tissue returns to pre-injury state
-tissue can handle more load because of collagen

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11
Q

Goals of remodelling phase

A

-Restore function
-Regain strength/flexibility
-Return to activities

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12
Q

Treatment of remodelling phase

A
  • Eccentric exercise
  • functional exercise
  • Gradual/control return to activity
  • education
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13
Q

Most common joint injury

A

Ligament sprain

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14
Q

Ligament Injuries

A
  • seen in weight bearing joints (ankles/knees)
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15
Q

How do intra-articular ligaments heal?

A

-not spontaneously
-due to synovial fluid
ex. ACL

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16
Q

3 grades of ligament injury

A
  1. Grade 1
  2. Grade 2
  3. Grade 3
17
Q

Grade 1 ligament injury

A
  • microscopic
    -w/o joint laxity
    -can still walk with discomfort
18
Q

Grade 2 Ligament Injury

A
  • tearing of some fibres
  • joint laxity
  • lots of pain
  • easier to heal
19
Q

Grade 3 Ligament Injury

A
  • complete rupture
  • joint laxity/instability
  • entire ligament injured
  • no pain over the ligament
  • surgical attachment
20
Q

Conditions for a Ligament to Heal

A
  • contact of torn ends
  • progressive/controlled stress
  • protection
21
Q

Bones

A
  • bone is not a static structure
  • bone adapt to changing needs
22
Q

Wolffs Law

A
  • Bone grows where there is impact
  • where muscles pull on them
  • exercise allows bone to get stronger due to weight bearing
23
Q

Fracture

A
  • any abnormal disruption in the anatomic continuity of bone
24
Q

Short hand for charting fracture

A

#

25
Q

Effects of immobilization

A
  • remodeling process negatively affected
  • increase osteoclasts
  • decrease osteoblasts
  • decrease calcium
26
Q

Osteoclasts

A
  • degrade bone to initiate normal bone remodeling
27
Q

Osteoblasts

A
  • cells that form bone tissue
28
Q

Types of bone fixation

A
  1. External
  2. Internal
29
Q

External Bone fixation

A
  • casts
    -traction
  • splints
30
Q

Internal bone fixation

A
  • best for displaced fractions
    -ORIF (open reduction internal fixation)
31
Q

Articular Cartilage

A
  • covers synovial joints
  • primarily water
  • type 2 collagen gives tensile strength
  • Proteoglycans give compressive strength
32
Q

Function of articular cartilage

A
  • durable viscoelastic structure
  • resistant to wear
  • nutrients provided to chondrocytes through weight bearing
    -motion is lotion
33
Q

Vascular supply of articular cartilage

A
  • avascular
  • cannot organize repair
  • healing limited
34
Q

Result of immobilization of cartilage

A
  • decreased circulation of synovial fluid
  • not getting enough nutrients
  • cartilage atrophy
  • reduction in synthesis of proteoglycans
35
Q

Disease vs Direct

A

Disease: internal cause
Direct: external force

36
Q

Indirect muscle injuries

A
  • load that is greater than tissue tolerance
  • load over time
37
Q

Tendinitis

A
  • inflammatory response
38
Q

Tendinosis

A
  • degeneration of tendon
39
Q

Tenosynovitis

A
  • inflammation of tendons synovial membrane

Conditions (3 decks)

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