Week 2 Richter ILA's

Question 1

proteins that use highly frequent codons get expressed at what rate

Answer 1

a higher rate

Question 2

this translocation mutation causes leukemia

Answer 2

chromsome 22 to 9

Philadelphia chromosome

Question 3

mutation that does not change function of protein

Answer 3

silent

Question 4

mutation that changes function of protein

Answer 4

missense

Question 5

mutation that causes termination of protein

Answer 5

nonsense

Question 6

Purines

Answer 6

A and G

Question 7

Pyrimidines

Answer 7

C, U, T

Question 8

example of missense mutation where there is a deletion of 508 on CFTR gene

Answer 8

CF (cystic fibrosis)

Question 9

amino acid sequence makes up what structure

Answer 9

primary

Question 10

alpha helix
beta sheet

Answer 10

secondary

Question 11

alpha helix and beta sheets together

Answer 11

tertiary

Question 12

multiple amino acid chains assembled together (2 alpha helix and beta sheets)

Answer 12

quaternary

Question 13

partial double bond
rigid, planar
trans-configuration
uncharged; polar

Answer 13

peptide bond

Question 14

most important structural motif in proteins

Answer 14

alpha helix

Question 15

which amino acids prefer helix

Answer 15

MALEK

Question 16

what bonding is important for alpha helix

Answer 16

intra-chain H bonding

Question 17

what bonding is important for beta sheets

Answer 17

interchain H bonding

Question 18

which amino acids are found in beta sheets

Answer 18

aromomatic residues
(tyr, phe, trp)

Question 19

what bonding is important for tertiary structure

Answer 19

H bonding of side chains

Question 20

transcription factor that is a homodimer and held together by hydrophobic faces of parallel Leu zippers

Answer 20

Leu zipper (bZIP)

Question 21

transcription factor that has its domain in MyoD (essential for muscle development)

Answer 21

bHLH (basic helix-loop-helix)

Question 22

calcium binding happens in the loop region of what motif

Answer 22

helix-loop-helix

Question 22

example of beta barrel

Answer 22

porins (antibiotics)

Question 23

happens from accumulation of misfolded proteins (plaques of Tau); amyloid abeta

Answer 23

Alzheimer’s disease

Question 24

infectious agent that cause misfolding of the normal form of the protein (PrPc)

Answer 24

Prion proteins (PrPSc)

Question 25

oxygen saturated Hb

Answer 25

in the lungs

Question 26

oxygen free Hb

Answer 26

in the tissues
(Hb gives off oxygen to myoglobin in tissues and myoglobin will bind until it is time to contract muscle)

Question 27

oxygen saturation curve for myoglobin is left shifted: what does that mean?

Answer 27

higher affinity than hemoglobin

Question 28

oxygen saturation curve for hemoglobin is sigmoidal: why

Answer 28

sigmoidal suggests cooperativity b/t subunits (the more O2 that binds, increases O2 affinity)

Question 29

when pH lowers, where does oxygen saturation curve shift

Answer 29

to the right

(less affinity means hemoglobin will give off O2 easier, and thats what you want to happen in tissues)

Question 30

what will increased 2,3-BPG do to curve

Answer 30

shift to the right

(blood from individuals adapted to high altitudes-more glycolysis and less affinity for O2 so it can be released)

Question 31

main affect of carbon monoxide on oxygen saturation curve

Answer 31

occupies Hb and prevents O2 from binding (total capacity of O2 is reduced vertically)

Question 32

predominant form of Hb

Answer 32

HbA

Question 33

form of Hb induced by sickle cell anemia

Answer 33

HbF

Question 34

form of Hb induced by thalassemias

Answer 34

HbA2

Question 35

form of Hb increased in diabetics; proportional to blood glucose in the body

Answer 35

HbA1c

Question 36

extracellular fibrous proteins

Answer 36

collagen and elastin

Question 37

main part of collagen structure

Answer 37

alpha chain

(quaternary structure-3 chains linked together)

Question 38

cleavage of N and C terminus of procollagen happens where

Answer 38

extracellular space

Question 39

striated look of collagen is simply the what

Answer 39

collagen fibril regions