Honkanen ILAs

Question 1

anti-cancer drugs inhibit _________

they don’t want DNA from cancer cell to replicate, so they want to inhibit stabilizing function of topoisomerase that would lead to supercoiling and then apoptosis

Answer 1

topoisomerase

Question 2

remove acetyl group from chromatin, silencing gene expression

drugs that inhibit these are being tested for cancer treatment b/c they can allow silenced cancer cell to turn back on but then immediately stop proliferation and trigger apoptosis

Answer 2

histone deacetylases (HDACs)

Question 3

distinguishes mRNA from other types of RNA and protects against degradation

Answer 3

7’ methyl guanosine cap

Question 4

deficiency in this enzyme leads to low urea production and hyperammonemia (high levels of ammonia)

Answer 4

CPS I

Question 5

deficiency in this enzyme will lead to defect in UMP and orotic aciduria; UTP inhibits this

Answer 5

CPS II (carbamoyl phosphate synthase II)

Question 6

cancer drug that inhibits ribonucleotide reductase and treats sickle cell anemia

Answer 6

hydroxyurea

Question 7

synthesis of deoxyribonucleotide depends on what; UDP to dUDP

Answer 7

ribonucleotide reductase

Question 8

transcribes rRNA

Answer 8

RNA Pol I

Question 9

transcribes mRNA

Answer 9

RNA Pol II

Question 10

transcribes tRNA

Answer 10

RNA Pol III

Question 11

what makes up nucleosomes that help stabilize DNA strand

Answer 11

histones

Question 12

what breaks down into uric acid

Answer 12

purines

Question 13

anti-cancer drug that inhibits ribonucleotide reductase (hydroxyurea inhibits this too)

Answer 13

gemcitabine

Question 14

drug that stops breakdown of purine to uric acid

Answer 14

allopurinol

Question 15

stops breakdown of purine to uric acid by inhibiting xanthine oxidase

Answer 15

allopurinol

Question 16

uncompetitive inhibitor of IMP dehydrogenase

Answer 16

mycophenolate

Question 17

deals with guanine and used to inhibit cellular immunity

Answer 17

mycophenolate

Question 18

enzyme deficiency that leads to both Gout and Leysch-Nyhan syndrome

[these deal with purine synthesis]

Answer 18

HGPRT

Question 19

this syndrome is caused by increase degradation of purines and large amounts of uric acid

leads to gout-like sx’s- buildup of uric acid (urate stones and crystals)

Answer 19

Leysch-Nyhan syndrome

Question 20

this is caused by increased levels of uric acid in blood (hyperuricemia)

Answer 20

Gout

Question 21

treatment for Gout (3 things)

[deals with purine synthesis]

Answer 21

NSAIDS

probenicid (uric acid excretion)

allopurinol (inhibits xanthine oxidase to stop purine into uric acid formation)

Question 22

rate-limiting step (enzyme) of purine synthesis

Answer 22

amidotransferase

Question 23

what promotes amidotransferase to make 5’ phosphoribosylamine

Answer 23

PRPP

Question 24

what inhibits rate limiting enzyme (amidotransferase) of purine synthesis

Answer 24

IMP, AMP, and GMP, and 6’ mercaptopurine

Question 25

drug that is used in blocking leukocyte proliferation in treating cancers; inhibits amidotransferase

Answer 25

6' mercaptopurine

Question 26

drugs that are both used to prevent organ transplant rejection

Answer 26

mycophenolate azathioprine

Question 27

deficiency in this enzyme leads to hemolytic anemia

Answer 27

G6PDH (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase)

Question 28

step in pyrimidine biosynthesis inhibited by 5-FU therapy

Answer 28

thymidylate reductase

Question 29

important enzyme used in urea cycle

Answer 29

CPS I

Question 30

important enzyme used in orate synthesis

Answer 30

CPS II

Question 31

enzyme that converts oratic acid to UMP

Answer 31

UMP synthetase

Question 32

inhibition of this enzyme in pyrimidine synthesis that will decrease dCDP and dUDP synthesis

Answer 32

ribonucleotide reductase

Question 33

inhibition of this enzyme in pyrimidine synthesis that will decrease synthesis of dTMP (similar to dUMP)

Answer 33

thymidylate synthase

Question 34

a rare genetic defect caused by deficiency of the bifunctional enzyme UMP synthase

Answer 34

oritic aciduria (leads to oritic acid in the urine)

Question 35

rifampin inhibits this polymerase

Answer 35

mtRNA polymerase (mitochondrial)

Question 36

A DNA-dependent RNA polymerase is inhibited by which toxin

Answer 36

Amanitin (poisonous mushrooms)

Question 37

antibiotic and anticancer drug that inhibits eukaryotic polymerase II activity

Answer 37

Actinomycin D