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PFM: Biweekly Exam 1 > Honkanen ILAs > Flashcards

Honkanen ILAs Flashcards

1
Q

anti-cancer drugs inhibit _________

they don’t want DNA from cancer cell to replicate, so they want to inhibit stabilizing function of topoisomerase that would lead to supercoiling and then apoptosis

A

topoisomerase

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2
Q

remove acetyl group from chromatin, silencing gene expression

drugs that inhibit these are being tested for cancer treatment b/c they can allow silenced cancer cell to turn back on but then immediately stop proliferation and trigger apoptosis

A

histone deacetylases (HDACs)

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3
Q

distinguishes mRNA from other types of RNA and protects against degradation

A

7’ methyl guanosine cap

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4
Q

deficiency in this enzyme leads to low urea production and hyperammonemia (high levels of ammonia)

A

CPS I

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5
Q

deficiency in this enzyme will lead to defect in UMP and orotic aciduria; UTP inhibits this

A

CPS II (carbamoyl phosphate synthase II)

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6
Q

cancer drug that inhibits ribonucleotide reductase and treats sickle cell anemia

A

hydroxyurea

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7
Q

synthesis of deoxyribonucleotide depends on what; UDP to dUDP

A

ribonucleotide reductase

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8
Q

transcribes rRNA

A

RNA Pol I

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9
Q

transcribes mRNA

A

RNA Pol II

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10
Q

transcribes tRNA

A

RNA Pol III

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11
Q

what makes up nucleosomes that help stabilize DNA strand

A

histones

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12
Q

what breaks down into uric acid

A

purines

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13
Q

anti-cancer drug that inhibits ribonucleotide reductase (hydroxyurea inhibits this too)

A

gemcitabine

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14
Q

drug that stops breakdown of purine to uric acid

A

allopurinol

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15
Q

stops breakdown of purine to uric acid by inhibiting xanthine oxidase

A

allopurinol

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16
Q

uncompetitive inhibitor of IMP dehydrogenase

A

mycophenolate

17
Q

deals with guanine and used to inhibit cellular immunity

A

mycophenolate

18
Q

enzyme deficiency that leads to both Gout and Leysch-Nyhan syndrome

[these deal with purine synthesis]

A

HGPRT

19
Q

this syndrome is caused by increase degradation of purines and large amounts of uric acid

leads to gout-like sx’s- buildup of uric acid (urate stones and crystals)

A

Leysch-Nyhan syndrome

20
Q

this is caused by increased levels of uric acid in blood (hyperuricemia)

A

Gout

21
Q

treatment for Gout (3 things)

[deals with purine synthesis]

A

NSAIDS

probenicid (uric acid excretion)

allopurinol (inhibits xanthine oxidase to stop purine into uric acid formation)

22
Q

rate-limiting step (enzyme) of purine synthesis

A

amidotransferase

23
Q

what promotes amidotransferase to make 5’ phosphoribosylamine

A

PRPP

24
Q

what inhibits rate limiting enzyme (amidotransferase) of purine synthesis

A

IMP, AMP, and GMP, and 6’ mercaptopurine

25
Q

drug that is used in blocking leukocyte proliferation in treating cancers; inhibits amidotransferase

A

6’ mercaptopurine

26
Q

drugs that are both used to prevent organ transplant rejection

A

mycophenolate

azathioprine

27
Q

deficiency in this enzyme leads to hemolytic anemia

A

G6PDH (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase)

28
Q

step in pyrimidine biosynthesis inhibited by 5-FU therapy

A

thymidylate reductase

29
Q

important enzyme used in urea cycle

A

CPS I

30
Q

important enzyme used in orate synthesis

A

CPS II

31
Q

enzyme that converts oratic acid to UMP

A

UMP synthetase

32
Q

inhibition of this enzyme in pyrimidine synthesis that will decrease dCDP and dUDP synthesis

A

ribonucleotide reductase

33
Q

inhibition of this enzyme in pyrimidine synthesis that will decrease synthesis of dTMP (similar to dUMP)

A

thymidylate synthase

34
Q

a rare genetic defect caused by deficiency of the bifunctional enzyme UMP synthase

A

oritic aciduria (leads to oritic acid in the urine)

35
Q

rifampin inhibits this polymerase

A

mtRNA polymerase (mitochondrial)

36
Q

A DNA-dependent RNA polymerase is inhibited by which toxin

A

Amanitin (poisonous mushrooms)

37
Q

antibiotic and anticancer drug that inhibits eukaryotic polymerase II activity

A

Actinomycin D

PFM: Biweekly Exam 1 (6 decks)

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