Week 2 Review Flashcards
What is the difference between Conduction and Convection?
Conduction is the transfer of temperature by physical contact
Convection is the transfer of temperature by the circulation of air
What is the difference between the erythrocytes of a new born and those of an older child or adult?
Shorter lifespan
What is given to a new born to improve clotting factors?
Vitamin K
What is the Day 1 blood glucose level for the neonate?
40 - 60
What is the glucose level of the neonate after day 1?
50 - 100
What are 4 sources of Bilirubin?
Bruising, Cephalhemotoma, physiologic destruction of RBC’s, Pathologic destruction of RBC’s
How much of a new born is composed of water?
75%
What is the only Ig to pass through the placenta?
IgG
What Ig protects the newborn from gram negative bacteria?
IgM
Which Ig is passes from mother to newborn through the breast milk?
IgA
What is the pulse of a newborn?
120 - 160
What is the R/R of the newborn?
30 - 60
What is the average systolic of the newborn?
65-95
What is the average diastolic of the newborn?
30 - 60
How does the nurse perform the Barlow Test?
adduct the hips, and apply gentle pressure down and back with the thumbs. In hip dysplasia, the examiner can feel the femoral head move out of the acetabulum.
What are the sounds that can be heard during the Barlow Test?
Clunking - abnormal sound
Clicking - normal sound
What is the Barbinski Reflex?
stroke the lateral sole of the infants foot from the heel forward and across the ball of the foot. This causes the toes to flare outward and the big toe to dorsiflex
What are the signs of a newborn with hypoglycemia?
Jitteriness, tremors, sweating, tachypena, grunting, cyanosis, apnea, diaphoresis, low temperature, poor suck, high-pitched cry, lethargy, seizures, coma
What is the leading cause of pregnancy loss?
Spontaneous Abortion
What is the sign of a threatened abortion?
vaginal bleeding occurs
What is the sign of a inevitable abortion?
Membranes rupture and cervix dilates
What happens during a incomplete abortion?
Some products of conception have been expelled but some remain.
What happens during a complete abortion?
all products of conception are expelled from the uterus
What happens in a missed abortion?
The fetus dies during the first half of the pregnancy but is retained in the uterus.
What defines a “Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion”
three or more consecutive spontaneous abortions
What defines a Ectopic Pregnancy?
Implantation of the fertilized ovum in an area outside of the uterine cavity.
What is the cause of the increasing number of ectopic pregnancies?
pelvic inflammation
What is placenta previa?
implantation of the placenta in the lower uterus, near the fetal presenting part.
Name the 3 types of placenta previa?
Marginal, Partial, and Total
What is the presentation of placenta previa?
painless vaginal bleeding during the last half of pregancy
What is abruptio placenta?
Separation of a normally implanted placenta before the fetus is born
What is the presentation of abruptio placenta?
pain, uterine tenderness, and uterine hyperactivity
What are some risk factors for Preeclampsia?
Overweight, chronic hypertension, diabetes
S/S of Preeclampsia?
generalized edema, rapid weight gain (5+ lb per week),
What is preeclampsia?
a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy characterized by hypertension and proteinuria
What is ecampsia?
form of hypertension of pregnancy complicated by generalized (grandmal) seizures
What is the drug of choice for eclampsia?
Magnesium Sulfate ( used to prevent seizures in preeclampsia)
What is (HELLP)?
Hemolysis, Elevated Liver Enzymes, and Low Platelets
What causes HELLP?
hemolysis occurs as a result of the fragmentation and distortion of erythrocytes during passage through damaged blood vessels
What can place women at risk for preeclampsia?
Chronic Hypertenstion
When should antihypertensive medication be initiated for a pregnant women with chronic hypertension?
When the diastolic blood pressure is higher than 100 mg Hg
Women with type 1 diabetes have a greater risk for?
Preeclampsia, Infections, and Ketosis
In addition to congenital anomalies, the infant of a diabetic mother is at risk for?
Hypoglycemia, Hypocalcemia, Hyperbilirubinemia, Respiratory distress syndrome
What two major complications in the fetus can occur due to gestational diabetes?
Macrosomia, and Hypoglycemia
Maternal effects of gestational diabetes include?
Hydramnios
What is hydraminos?
excessive amniotic fluid
What are the two types of dysfunctional labor related to the powers?
hypotonic contractions, and hypertonic contractions
What type of drugs are used to inhibit uterine contractions?
Tocolytic drugs
What method can be used to displace the fetal anterior shoulder from the symphysis pubis?
Suprapubic pressure
What kind of labor dysfunction can affect the Passage (pelvis)?
Uterine rupture
What is precipitate labor?
rapid birth within 3 hours of labor onset
What is precipitate birth?
A birth of any length of time with trained attendant to assist.
What is PPROM?
Preterm premature rupture of membranes before 37 weeks
What defines a prolonged pregnancy?
a pregnancy that last longer than 42 weeks
What happens to the placenta in a prolonged pregnancy?
It begins to break down
What are the three placenta abnormalities?
accreta - leaves small fragments
increta - placenta penetrates the uterine wall
percreta - placenta penetrates all the way through the uterus
What are the clinical manifestations of a uterine rupture?
signs of shock, abdominal pain, a sense of tearing, chest pain or pain in the shoulders, abnormal fetal heart rate patters, cessation of contractions, palpation of the fetus outside of the uterus.
What is the outcome of a uterine inversion?
Uncommon but potentially fatal
What is a Subinvolution?
Postpartum Hemorrhage
What is a PPH?
Postpartum Hemorrhage
What is the presentation of a Uterine Atony?
“Boggy” or soft feel to the fundus
How do you perform a fundal massage?
One hand remains cupped against the uterus at the level of the symphysis pubis to support the uterus.
The other hand is cupped to massage and gently compress the fundus toward the lower uterine segment.
How do you perform a Bimanual Compression?
One hand is inserted in the vagina, and the other compresses the uterus through the abdominal wall.
What is a Subinvolution?
Delayed return of the uterus to its nonpregnant size and consistency
What causes Hypovolemic Shock?
It occurs with excessive blood loss
What are the signs of PPH?
Uncontracted uterus
Large gush or slow, steady trickle of blood from vagina
Saturation of more than one peripad per 15 min
Severe, unrelieved perineal or rectal pain
Tachycardia
What is a Venous Stasis?
A thrombus formation close to the surface of the skin
What defines a Postpartum Mood Disorder?
It begins after birth and last at least 2 weeks
What is Postpartum obsessive-compulsive disorder?
Consuming thoughts of harming the baby
What causes Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RSD)?
it is a condition caused by insufficient surfactant in the lungs
What is hypercapnia?
Increased Carbon Dioxide
What are the signs of RSD?
tachypnea, nasal flaring, retractions, and cyanosis
What is another name for Brochopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD)?
Chronic Lung Disease
What is Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)?
a visual impairment or blindness in preterm infants
