Week 2 Respiratory Care 1

Question 1

3 processes of respiration

Answer 1

Ventilation (inspiration & expiration)

Diffusion (exchange of O2 & CO2 at the alveolar-capillary membrane)

Perfusion (blood flow through the pulmonary circulature)

Question 2

What is ventilation perfusion? (V/Q ratio)

Answer 2

Determines the blood oxygen concentration

Question 3

Atelectasis? Causes?

Answer 3

Airless condition of alveoli (collapse). Due to obstruction by secretions in the bronchiole.

Question 4

What does PEEP and IPPB stand for? And what is it used to treat?

Answer 4

PEEP (positive end-expiratory pressure)

IPPB (intermittent positive-pressure breathing)

Question 5

Pneumonia?

Caused by?

Answer 5

Acute inflammation of the lung

Caused by oedema in the lung. Alveoli fill will exudate.

Question 6

Virchow’s triad?

Answer 6

Venous stasis
Hypercoagulability
Venous endothelial disease

Question 7

Upper Resp. Tract Disorders:

• Rhinitis?
• Rhinosinusitis?
• Pharyngitis?
• Tonsillitis?
• Peritonsillar abscess (quincy)?
• Laryngitis?

Answer 7

• Rhinitis? Inflammation of mucous membranes in the nose.
• Rhinosinusitis? Inflammation of the paranasal sinuses & nasal cavity.
• Pharyngitis? Inflammation of the pharynx.
• Tonsillitis? Inflammation of the tonsils.
• Peritonsillar abscess (quincy)? Abscesses behind the tonsils.
• Laryngitis? Inflammation of the larynx.

Question 8

Lower Resp. Tract Disorders:

• Tracheobronchitis?
• Pulmonary tuberculosis?
• Pleurisy?
• Empyema?
• Pulmonary oedema?
• Pulmonary embolism?
• Subcutaneous emphysema?

Answer 8

• Tracheobronchitis? Inflammation of mucus membranes in the trachea and bronchial tree.
• Pulmonary tuberculosis? Disease that affects the lung parenchyma.
• Pleurisy? Inflammation of both layers of the pleurae.
• Empyema? Accumulation of thick fluid within the pleural space.
• Pulmonary oedema? Accumulation of fluid in the lung tissue, the alveolar space, or both.
• Pulmonary embolism? Obstruction of the pulmonary artery.
• Subcutaneous emphysema? Air enters tissue and passes under the skin.

Question 9

Oxygen cascade?

Answer 9

describes the process of declining oxygen tension from atmosphere to mitochondria.

Question 10

Difference between hypoxia and hypoxaemia?

Answer 10

Hypoxia: Low oxygen in tissues.
Hypoxaemia: Low oxygen in blood.

Question 11

Two different types of O2 delivery systems?

Answer 11

High flow oxygen system e.g. venturi mask. Guarantees FiO2.

Low flow oxygen system e.g. all other masks. Room air mixed.

Question 12

Causes of hypoxia?

Answer 12

• Hypoxaemic –> decreased amount of O2 in the blood
• Circulatory –> decreased capillary blood flow
• Anaemic –> decreased levels of hemoglobin
• Histotoxic –> inability of tissues to use the O2

Question 13

Pneumothorax?

Types?

Answer 13

Accumulation of air in the pleural space, through a breach.
Simple
Traumatic
Tension
Haemothorax
Empyema