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IMG1037 (Vascular) > week 2- renal & abdominal doppler > Flashcards

week 2- renal & abdominal doppler Flashcards

1
Q

hepatic ___ accompany course of portal veins

A

arteries

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2
Q

hepatic veins empty into

A

IVC

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3
Q

Liver receives dual blood supply from ___ & ___

A

Portal veins

Hepatic Arteries

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4
Q

source of oxygenated blood into the liver

A

hepatic arteries

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5
Q

Portal veins carry nutrient rich (de-oxygenated) blood to the liver from ___

A

GI tract

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6
Q

supplies 30% of incoming blood to liver

A

hepatic arteries

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7
Q

supplies 70% of incoming blood to liver

A

portal veins

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8
Q

Hepatopetal

A

blood flow torwards the liver

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9
Q

hepatofugal

A

blood flow away from the liver

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10
Q

Hepatopetal or Hepatofugal flow: Portal veins?

A

Hepatopetal

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11
Q

Hepatopetal or Hepatofugal flow: Hepatic veins?

A

Hepatofugal

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12
Q

Hepatopetal or Hepatofugal flow: hepatic arteries?

A

Hepatopetal

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13
Q

Hepatopetal or Hepatofugal flow: splenic vein?

A

Hepatopetal

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14
Q

phasicity in portal veins

A

monophasic

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15
Q

splenic vein shows as ___ on colour doppler because ___

A

blue

going away from transducer and towards liver

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16
Q

splenic artery shows as ___ on colour doppler because ___

A

red

going towards transducer (spleen)

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17
Q

renal arteries arise ___ to SMA

A

3cm distal

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18
Q

flow of blood from renal artery

A

renal A –> segmental A –> interlobar A–> arcuate A –> interlobular

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19
Q

renal veins follow ___ course as arteries

A

same

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20
Q

RRA passes ___ to IVC

A

posterior

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21
Q

what passes between AO and SMA

A

left renal vein

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22
Q

lots of flow during diastole indicates ___ resistance

A

low

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23
Q

renal arteries show ___ resistance

A

low

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24
Q

normal resistive index in renal vessels ___, and the upper limit is ___

A
  1. 6

0. 7

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25
Q

renal arteries show __ flow and __ resistance

A

high

low

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26
Q

if there is a stenosis, the velocity will go ___ at the stenosis and go ___ distal to the stenosis

A

UP

DOWN

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27
Q

velocity and pulatility ___ as arteries get progressively smaller from the hilum

A

decrease

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28
Q

colour scale in renal vessels should be set ___

A

low

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29
Q

wall filter in renal vessels should be set ___

A

low

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30
Q

colour gain in renal vessel should be set ___

A

high

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31
Q

High resistive index at the hilum of the kidney indicates what something is going wrong, where?

A

in the cortex (down the road from the hilum)

32
Q

suprarenal abdominal aorta expected flow

A

moderate

33
Q

only a portion of the kidney will be affected if there is a renal artery obstruction in the ____ artery

A

segmental

34
Q

how much of the kidney will be affected if there is a renal artery obstruction in the main renal artery

A

all of it

35
Q

Atheromatous affects the ___ of the renal artery

A

proximal 1/3

36
Q

abnormal and reversible accumulation of material in the inner layer of an artery wall.

A

Atheromatous

37
Q

Atheromatous stenosis leads to hypertension ___ renal failure

A

and

38
Q

Dysplastic stenosis Leads to hypertension __ renal fa

A

without

39
Q

Atheromatous relationship with angioplasty (balloon in vessel to open it)

A

resistant

-use stenting

40
Q

Dysplastic stenosis relationship with angioplasty (balloon in vessel to open it)

A

responds well

41
Q

Dysplastic stenosis affects what part of renal artery

A

mid to distal

42
Q

“ring of pearls” in a renal vessel indicates

A

narrowing of vessels

–> fibromuscular dysplasia

43
Q

Peak systolic velocity is ___ (high/low) at stenosis

A

HIGH

- trying to push through

44
Q

The following indicate ___: Reduced pulsatility
Slower acceleration
Longer acceleration times

A

tardus parvus

45
Q

treatment options for stenosis

A
  • angioplasty

- stent placement

46
Q

aneurysm

A

dilation of the artery

47
Q

what does an aneurysm look like on US

A
  • cystic mass

- arterial flow

48
Q

AV Fistula

A

abnormal connection between 2 body parts

49
Q

acquired fistula accounts for __% and congenital fistula accounts for __%

A

75

25

50
Q

turbulent diastolic arterial flow with high flow velocity indicates

A

AV fistula

51
Q

symptoms of acute & chronic renal vein thrombosis

A 
acute
-flank pain
-hematuria
chronic
-asymptomatic
52
Q

renal vein thrombosis shows flow ___ in diastole

A

reversal

53
Q

Abnormal increase in portal venous pressure due to obstruction of blood flow through liver

A

portal hypertension

54
Q

Portal veins characteristics:

  • ___ pulsatility
  • flow velocity ___ reach zero
  • ___ reversal
A
  • moderate
  • does NOT
  • No
55
Q

mild portal hypertension has ___ -phasic flow

A

monophasic

56
Q

moderate portal hypertension has ___-phasic flow

A

biphasic

57
Q

severe portal hypertension has ___ flow

A

reversed

58
Q

sonographic findings of portal hypertension

A
  • ascites
  • splenomegaly
  • varices
  • portal vain diameter >13mm
  • increased hepatic flow
59
Q

cause of portal hypertension

A

cirrhosis due to alcohol consumption or hepatitis

60
Q

5 major sites of portosystemic venous collaterals

A
  1. GE junction
  2. paraumbilical vein
  3. splenorenal & gastrorenal
  4. intestinal
  5. hemorrhoidal
61
Q

acronym for a portosystemic shunt used to treat portal hypertension, usually between right portal and right hepatic veins

A

TIPS

transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt

62
Q

thrombus within portal vein lumen appears as

A

echogenic

63
Q

what is Cavernous transformation

A

numerous worm like vessels at the porta hepatis

64
Q

when does Cavernous transformation occur

A

chronic thrombosis

65
Q

Rare syndrome where there is occlusion of the lumen of the hepatic veins and/or the IVC

A

budd-chiari syndrome

66
Q

clinical presentation of Budd-Chiari syndrome

A
  • RUQ pain
  • Ascites
  • hepato & splenomegaly
67
Q

sonographic appearance of Budd-Chiari syndrome

A
  • thickened hepatic vein walls
  • enlarged caudate lobe
  • stenosis with prox dilation
  • developed intrahepatic collaterals
68
Q

doppler findings of Budd-Chiari syndrome

A
  • flow in IVC/ hepatic veins changes from phasic to continuous, reversed, turbulent or absent
  • PV flow slow or reversed
69
Q

spectral broadening is seen in the ___ artery

A

splenic

70
Q

tortous artery

A

splenic

71
Q

portal veins ___ (should/ should not) exhibit pulsation

A

SHOULD NOT

72
Q

With portal hypertension, the portal vein may ___ and phasic variation in the portal and splenic/superior mesenteric veins may be lost.

A

dilate

73
Q

The hepatic veins and IVC demonstrate a pulsatile flow pattern with a ___ configuraion. Flow is predominately ____

A
  • triphasic

- hepatofugal

74
Q

Transmitted cardiac pulsations ___ (are/are not) evident in the renal veins near the IVC.

A

are

75
Q

The size of the IVC varies markedly with respiration and throughout the cardiac cycle, but seldom exceeds __ cm in diameter

A

2.5

IMG1037 (Vascular) (4 decks)

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