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IMG1037 (Vascular) > week 2- Doppler Blood flow > Flashcards

week 2- Doppler Blood flow Flashcards

1
Q

Degree of pulse wave dampening

A

pulsatility

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2
Q

𝑷ulsatility Index equation

A

PI=(π‘Ίβˆ’π‘«)/𝑴

  • peak systolic
  • minimum diastolic
  • mean velocity
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3
Q

Pulsatility index is ___ of the angle

A

independent

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4
Q

flow that is dampened by ___ disease will have a LOWER PI

A

proximal

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5
Q

low PI indicated

A

disease proximal to the transducer

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6
Q

after exercise high pulsatility extremity arteries become ____ pulsatility

A

low

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7
Q

Resistive index equation

A

𝑹𝑰 =(π‘·π‘Ίπ‘½βˆ’π‘¬π‘«π‘½)/𝑷𝑺𝑽

  • peak systolic velocity
  • end diastolic velocity
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8
Q

Measure of pulsatile blood flow that reflects the resistance to blood flow caused by microvascular bed distal to the site of measurement.

A

resistive index

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9
Q

resistance index of 0 means

A

continuous flow

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10
Q

resistance index of 1

A

systolic flow, no diastolic

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11
Q

resistance index of -1

A

reversed diastolic flow

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12
Q

RI is an indicator of ____ resistance

A

peripheral

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13
Q

Higher resistance flow if there is disease ___ to the probe

A

distal

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14
Q

if resistance index is between 0 and 1 it means there is ___ flow towards the organ

A

constant

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15
Q

an organ where you would find constant flow

A

brain, placenta, CCA, vertebral

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16
Q

the following are indicators of ___ flow:

  • Central velocities are greater than peripheral velocities in a vessel
  • Uniform velocity
  • Clear spectral window
A

laminar flow

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17
Q

the following are indicators of ___ flow:

  • Non uniform and disorganized blood flow
  • Spectral broadening – filling of the spectral window proportionate to severity of flow disturbance
  • Indicative of pathology but can occur normally
A

turbulent

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18
Q

The following is seen with ___ resistance flow:
Broad systolic peaks
Forward flow through diastole
Monophasic

A

low

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19
Q

The following is seen with ____ resistance flow:
PS is tall and sharp in diastole
Forward flow is always present throughout diastole

A

moderate

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20
Q

low pulsatility is associated with ___ resistance flow

A

low

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21
Q

ECA, SMA during fasting present with ___ flow

A

moderate resistance

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22
Q

what waveforms will NEVER cross the baseline

A

low, moderate

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23
Q

t/f: low flow is always above base line

A

FALSE - can be below depending if the scale is inverted

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24
Q

the following is seen with ___ resistance flow:
Tall, narrow and sharp systolic peaks
Reversed or absent ED flow
Triphasic waveform

A

high

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25
Q

high pulsatility is seen in ____ arteries and indicates ___ resistance flow

A
  • extremity

- high

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26
Q

3 phases in triphasic waveform

A
  1. sharp systolic
  2. brief reversal flow
  3. brief forward flow
27
Q

What superimposes a blood flow image on a standard grey scale image

A

colour doppler

28
Q

Veins have a ___ PRF (gains), why?

A

lower

-to detect low velocities

29
Q

arteries have a ___scale, why?

A

higher

-limit aliasing

30
Q

increasing the scale ____ the aliasing

A

decreases

31
Q

doppler angle

A

45-60 degrees

32
Q

why is doppler angle important

A

tell what way blood is flowing

33
Q

colour box width decreases the ___

A

frame rate

34
Q

too much colour gain can cause ____

A

bleeding

-misrepresentation of colour flow outside vessel, making pathology

35
Q

increasing gain increases the ___ of the signal

A

amplitude

36
Q

This technique eliminates artifacts caused by heart and vascular pulsation

A

wall filter

37
Q

wall filter reduces ___ frequency noise

A

low

38
Q

what is the risk of setting the wall filter too high

A

difficulty detecting slow flow

39
Q

changes the colour velocity range

A

baseline

40
Q

changes what colour represents flow towards the transducer

A

invert

41
Q

what does a colour map show

A

the doppler signal

42
Q

increasing luminance of red and blue indicate increasing ___ and ___ doppler shifts respectively

A
  • positive

- negative

43
Q

the minimum number of samples required to avoid aliasing; doppler shift freq above which aliasing occurs

A

nyquist limit

44
Q

a misrepresentation of the Doppler shift in a negative direction occurring when the pulse repetition frequency is set too low

A

alaising

45
Q

colour doppler is/ is not angle dependent?

A

IS

46
Q

advantages of doppler

A
  • Demonstrates blood flow
  • Determines direction of flow
  • Demonstrates non-vascular motion (ureteral jets)
  • Asses flow in the entire lumen – not just within the doppler gate
  • Can help differentiate between occlusion and severe stenosis
47
Q

True flow reversal involves ___ regions between the opposite colours

A

dark

48
Q

what is a stenosis

A

narrowed portion of arterial lumen

49
Q

there is a ____ velocity through the stenotic zone to maintain flow volume

A

increased

50
Q

what are the 3 important velocity measurements

A

Peak systolic volume
End diastolic volume
PSV ratio

51
Q

what is the first parameter to increase as the lumen narrows

A

PSV

52
Q

<50% stenosis generally EDV is

A

unaffected

53
Q

moderate stenosis (50-70%) EDV ___

A

increases proportionally to degree of stenosis

54
Q

severe stenosis (>70%) EDV ____

A

can be very high

55
Q

allows for patient to patient hemodynamic variables (PT is their own physiologic standard)

A

PSV ratio

56
Q

Maximum ____ occurs within the 1st cm beyond the stenosis, minimizes by 2cm and normalizes by 3cm

A

turbulence

57
Q

spectral broadening and flow reversal is indicative of

A

turbulence

58
Q

increased RI would be shown ___ from the stenosis

A

distal (down the road)

59
Q

Pulsatile index tells you what happened ____ measurement

A

proximal (before)

60
Q

what is Tardus Parvus

A

pattern of doppler waveform resulting from arterial stenosis

61
Q

In Tardus Parvus, it takes ____ (more/less) time to reach peak velocity

A

more

62
Q

in tardus parvus, flow velocity is ____

A

low

63
Q

Decreased peripheral resistance allows blood to flow through diastole in ____

A

tardus parvus

IMG1037 (Vascular) (4 decks)

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