Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Respiratory Care > Week 2 - Presentation of patient with Pulm. Diseases > Flashcards

Week 2 - Presentation of patient with Pulm. Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four particularly common symptoms someone with a respiratory disease present with?

A

Dyspnea, cough, hemoptysis, and chest pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the three common statements describing dyspnea?

A

Air hunger or suffocation, increased work of breathing, and chest tightness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Dyspnea is distinct from what other symptoms?

A

Tachypnea, hyperventilation, and exertional fatigue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is orthopnea?

A

Dyspnea assuming the recumbent position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In patients with cardiac decompensation and either overt or subclinical heart failure, the incremental increase in (1) ________ atrial and ventricular filling may result in pulmonary vascular (2)______ and interstitial or alveolar (3)__________

A

1 - left
2 - congestion
3 - Edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is orthopnea quantified?

A

By the amount of pillows or angle of elevation necessary to relieve the sensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens to venous return and central intravascular volume with orthopnea?

A

There’s an increase of both when laying down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Symptom of orthopnea typically suggests the patient has what disease?

A

Heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea?

A

Waking from sleep with dyspnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When someone wakes from sleep with dyspnea, what is this called?

A

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Orthopnea, often associated with _______ ______ failure, may also accompany some forms of _______

A

Left ventricular failure;

primary pulmonary disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is platypnea?

A

Shortness of breath when the patient is in the upright position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is trepopnea?

A

Shortness of breath when laying on the left or right side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The sensation of dyspnea has a number of _______

A

Underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the general (umbrella of respiratory) diseases that cause dyspnea?
- e.g. “airway disease”

A

Airway disease, Parenchymal lung disease, pulmonary vascular disease, Pleaural disease, “bellows” disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are examples of airway disease?

A

Asthma, COPD, and upper airway obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are examples of Parenchymal lung disease?

A

ARDS, pneumonia, Interstitial lung disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are examples of Pulmonary vascular disease?

A

Pulmonary emboli, Pulmonary arterial hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are examples of pleural disease?

A

Pneumothorax and pleaural effusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are examples of “Bellows” disease

A

Neuromuscular disease and Chest wall disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What neuromuscular diseases can cause dyspnea from “Bellows” disease?

A

Polymyositis, myasthenia gravis, Guillan-Barre disease

22
Q

What are some cardiac diseases that can cause dyspnea?

A

CHF, mitral stenosis, and Severe anemia

23
Q

What are examples of increased respiratory drive that cause dyspnea?

A

Hyperthyroidism and pregnancy

24
Q

What are oxidative metabolism disorders than can cause dyspnea?

A

mitochondrial myopathies and metabolic myopathies

25
Q

What does “Bellows” refer to?

A

It refers to the pump system that works under control f the CNS generator to expand the lungs and allow airflow

26
Q

What does the pump system primarily involve?

A

The diaphragm, intercostal muscles, and chest wall

27
Q

Cough usually is initiated by the stimulation of what receptors?

A

“irritant” receptors

28
Q

Where are irritant receptors located? (primarily)

A

Found in the larynx, trachea and major bronchi particularly at bifurcation

29
Q

The irritant receptors initiate an impulse down what nerves?

A

Affarent

30
Q

What afferent nerves do irritant receptor impulses travel down? (name of the nerves)

A

primarily Vagus nerve, but also trigeminal nerve, glossopharyngeal, and prenic

31
Q

What efferent nerves are used to carry the impulses?

A

the laryngeal nerve

32
Q

Irritant receptors triggering cough are located primarily in ______ ariways

A

Larger

33
Q

What are some airway irritants that can cause cough?

A

Inhaled smoke, dust, fumes, Aspiration, and post nasal drip

34
Q

What airway diseases can cause cough?

A

URI, Postinfectious cough, Acute or chronic bronchitis, Eosinophilic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, neoplasm, external compression by node or mass lesion, and reactive airway disease (aka asthma)

35
Q

What are some parenchymal diseases that cause cough?

A

Pneumonia, TB, lung abscess, and interstitial lung disease

36
Q

What heart disease can cause cough?

A

CHF

37
Q

What drug can cause cough in individuals?

A

ACE inhibitors

38
Q

What are some common bacterial infections that can cause upper respiratory infection?

A

Mycoplasma, Chlamydophila, and Bordetella pertussis

39
Q

What is the pathophysiology of Non asthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis?

A

characterized by eosinophilic inflammation of the airway in the absence of asthma

40
Q

Yellow or green sputum reflects the presence of numerous leukocytes, such as?

A

Either neutrophils or eosinophils

41
Q

Acute cough is derived by what duration?

A

3 weeks

42
Q

Subacute cough is derived by what duration?

A

3-8 weeks

43
Q

Chronic cough is derived by what duration?

A

8 weeks or greater

44
Q

Post nasal drip is also called?

A

Upper airway cough syndrome

45
Q

What does Bordetella pertussis cause?

A

Whooping cough

46
Q

What is hemoptsysis?

A

Coughing or spitting up blood derived from airways or the lung itself

47
Q

What airway diseases can cause hemoptyis?

A

Acute or chronic bronchitis, Bronchiectasis, bronchogenic carcinoma, bronchial adenoma

48
Q

What parenchymal diseases can cause hemoptysis?

A

TB, lung abscess, pneumonia, mycetoma (fungus ball)

49
Q

What vascular diseases can cause hemoptysis?

A

Pulmonary embolism, elevated pulmonary venous pressure, vascular malformation

50
Q

__________ are the most common causes of hemoptysis

A

Diseases of the airways

51
Q

Cystic fibrosis affects both _______ and pulmonary _______

A

Airways and pulmonary parenchyma

52
Q

Chest pain can be associated with What three areas of disease?

A

Pleural, diaphragmatic, or mediastinal diseases

Respiratory Care (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions