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NURS 2020 > Week 2 (Post-op Teaching) & Week 3 (Surgical Asepsis) > Flashcards

Week 2 (Post-op Teaching) & Week 3 (Surgical Asepsis) Flashcards

1
Q

What are three post-operative exercises that you should encourage your patients to do?

A
  1. Deep breathing and coughing
  2. Change positions
  3. Leg exercises
    - Ankle pumps
    - Ankle circling
    - Knee bending
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2
Q

Why is it important to encourage deep breathing and coughing?

A
  • helps prevent pneumonia
  • helps remove secretions from the lungs
  • helps to expand the lungs after surgery
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3
Q

How often should deep breathing and coughing be encouraged?

A

5 - 10 times an hour during immobilization

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4
Q

What are the benefits of performing leg exercises post-operatively?

A
  • helps prevent circulatory problems (thrombophlebitis)
  • facilitates venous return to the heart
  • helps prevent pressure ulcers and respiratory problems
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5
Q

How often should you encourage patients to change position?

A

Every 2 hours

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6
Q

What are three reasons for hypotension in a postoperative patient?

A
  1. Decreased blood volume (blood loss)
  2. Fluid loss (dehydration)
  3. Peripheral pooling
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7
Q

What is a common complication related to analgesia (morphine or hydromorphone)?

A

Decreased respiratory rate (or hypotension)

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8
Q

What are three major complication that can develop if a patient refuses to ambulate?

A
  • DVT
  • PE
  • Pneumonia
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9
Q

Your patient is feeling lightheaded. What should you do? What should you assess?

A

Have the patient sit down (if standing) or lay down - gets more blood to the head
- assess BP (and vital signs)

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10
Q

What is the surgical experience composed of?

A
  1. Pre-operative
  2. Intra-operative
  3. Post-operative
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11
Q

What is the immediate recovery phase?

A

When the patient is in the recovery room or PACU

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12
Q

What is the convalescent phase?

A

Post-operative care

- extends from time patient is discharged from PACU until discharge from surgery ward

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13
Q

What are your priority assessments in the convalescent phase?

A
  • ABC
  • LOC
  • VS
  • Pain
  • Dressings, tubes, drains
  • H2T assessments
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14
Q

What should you know about your patient prior to completing a H2T assessment (6)?

A
  1. Diagnosis
  2. Surgical procedure (and common complications)
  3. Restrictions of procedure (immobility)
  4. Pmhx
  5. Type of analgesia used during surgery
  6. Medications patient is on
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15
Q

What are the common post-operative complications?

A

Hemmorrhage, atelectasis, shock, low urine output (oliguria), fever, wound dehiscence, DVT, PE, infection, paralytic ileus, hypo/hypervolemia, UTI, urinary retention, confusion, pruritis (itchy skin), dry mouth, N/V, electrolyte imbalance

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16
Q

What are some common cardiovascular complications that could occur after surgery (7)?

A
  • Hypotension
  • Hypertension
  • Dysrhythmias
  • Syncope (loss of consciousness; fainting)
  • Fluid overload (pulmonary)
  • Peripheral edema
  • Fluid and electrolyte imbalance
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17
Q

What are some common respiratory complications that could occur after surgery (4)?

A
  1. Respiratory depression
  2. Atelectasis
  3. Pneumonia
  4. Aspiration pneumonia
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18
Q

What are some common GI system complications that could occur after surgery (6)?

A
  1. Paralytic ileus
  2. N/V
  3. Delayed return of bowel function
  4. Mechanical obstruction
  5. Peritonitis (inflammation)
  6. Anastamotic leakage
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19
Q

What are some common GU system complications that could occur after surgery (3)?

A
  1. UTI (urinary tract infection)
  2. Oliguria (low urine output)
  3. Urinary retention
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20
Q

What places older adults at risk when undergoing surgery?

A
  • Age related changes
  • Delirium (common!)
  • Depression
  • Osteoporosis
  • F/E imbalances
  • Malnutrition
  • Constipation
  • Falls
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21
Q

True or False:

All objects used in the sterile field must remain sterile

A

TRUE!

22
Q

True or False:

Once an object is sterile, it does not expire.

A

FALSE!

  • Sterile articles can be stored for only a prescribed time
  • After that, they are considered unsterile
23
Q

True or False:

Sterile objects become unsterile when touched by unsterile objects

A

TRUE!

24
Q

True or False:

Sterile items that are in vision and at the waist line are considered sterile

A

FALSE

- Need to be in sight AND ABOVE the waist

25
Q

What happens if you turn your back to your sterile field?

A

It becomes unsterile

26
Q

True or False:

Sterile objects can become unsterile by prolonged exposure to airborne microorganisms

A

TRUE

27
Q

When holding foreceps, are the tips above the handles or the handles above the tips?

A

Tips below the handles

  • if they become wet and you hold the tips ABOVE the handles, the fluid runs down to the contaminated handles
  • once you go to use them again, this contamination will run into your sterile field
28
Q

How much of the border of a sterile field is considered unsterile?

A

1 inch (2.5 cm) border all the way around the sterile field

29
Q

True or False:

Skin can be sterilized

A

False

- skin is unsterile, therefore, use sterile gloves or sterile forceps to handle sterile items

30
Q

What is the absence of microorganisms called?

A

Sterility

31
Q

When organisms are present on a tissue or a surface, what is it called?

A

Contamination

32
Q

What is the name for the process in which microorganisms are transmitted from one patient to another?

A

Cross contamination

33
Q

What is the name for the process in which moisture soaks through the drapes, whether sterile or unsterile?

A

Strike through

34
Q

True or False:

All items used within a sterile field must be sterile

A

True

35
Q

True or False:

The edges of a sterile normal saline (sterile salt water) container is still considered sterile once it has been opened

A

False

36
Q

True or False:

Tables are considered sterile 1 inch below table level

A

False

37
Q

True or False:

Items of doubtful sterility are considered unsterile

A

True

38
Q

True or False:

Contamination occurs when sterile barriers are permeated

A

True

39
Q

True or False:

Sterile gowns are considered sterile in the front, shoulders, and at table level

A

True

40
Q

True or False:

Unsterile objects may come into contact with sterile items in the sterile field

A

False

41
Q

True or False:

Sterile items may only contact sterile items

A

True

42
Q

True or False:

If a sterile items is dropped on the floor, it is OK to pick it up, open it and use it

A

False

43
Q

True or False:

Once sterile gloves are applied, the hands should remain together in front of the body and above the waist level

A

True

44
Q

What is the difference between medical and surgical asepsis?

A

Medical: maintains cleanliness, reduce and prevent the spread of microorganisms, clean technique
Surgical: eliminate all microorgansisms from an area, used for procedures which invade an area/body cavity that is normally microorganism free

45
Q

What are some example of surgeries that require surgical asepsis?

A
  • sterile dressing changes
  • tracheotomy care
  • suctioning
  • any invasive procedure (catheter, IV insertion, IV removal, dressings)
  • any surgical procedure
46
Q

What is the number 1 reason for accidental exposure?

A

Needle stick injury

47
Q

Define antiseptic

A

Any substance that inhibits the growth and reproduction of microorganisms

48
Q

Define nosocomial infection

A

Hospital acquired infection

49
Q

Define disinfection

A

Process of killing microorganisms

50
Q

Define Bacteriostatic

A

Biological or chemical agent that stops bacteria from reproducing,
- not necessarily killing them

NURS 2020 (6 decks)

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