Week 2-Perception Flashcards
Perception
Experiences resulting from stimulation of the senses
Reasons why it is difficult to design a perceiving machine
The stimulus on the receptors is ambiguous, objects can be hidden or blurred, objects look different from different viewpoints
Viewpoint invariants
Peoples ability to recognize an object even when it is from different viewpoints
Image on retina transmitted through right now then goes to the visual receiving area of the brain
Bottom - up processing
Speech segmentation
The ability to tell when one word in conversation ends and the next one begins
Transitional probabilities
The likelihood that one sound will follow another within a word
Process of learning about transitional probabilities and about other characteristics of language
Statistical learning
Unconscious inference
Our perceptions are the result of unconscious assumptions or inferences that we make about the environment
The principle of a good continuation
Points that one connected result in straight or smoothly curving lines are seen as belonging together
Pragnanz
Every stimulus pattern is seen in such a way that the resulting structure is as simple as possible
Two types of irregularities in the environment
Physical regularities and semantic regularities
Physical regularities
Regularly occurring physical properties of the environment trees and plants are more likely to be vertical or horizontal than slanted
Semantic regularities
Characteristics associated with the functions carried out in different types of scenes
Scene schema
The knowledge of what a given scene typically contains
Bayesian inference
Our estimate of the probability of an outcome is determined by 1) the prior probability 2) the extent to which the available evidence is consistent with the outcome
