Week 2 Part 2

Question 1

law of segregation

Answer 1

Paired sets of elementen separate when gametes form. When gametes combine at fertilization “elementen” combine in new pairs
- Segregation of alleles corresponds to the segregation of chromosomes during meiosis
- Homologous chromosomes are separated into separate gametes
Allies for genes on these chromosomes are separated into separate gametes
Gametes are haploid
Have only one allele for each gene (one of each chromosome)
When gametes combine in fertilization, have new combination of alleles for each gene.

Question 2

Gene

Answer 2

sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait

Question 3

Allele

Answer 3

• An alternative form of same gene.

- each person has 2 alleles for each gene

Question 4

Homozygous

Answer 4

Two identical alleles for same gene

Question 5

Heterozygous

Answer 5

having two different alleles for same gene

Question 6

Genotype

Answer 6

An organism’s genetic makeup

Question 7

Phenotype

Answer 7

Measurable traits expressed by a combination of alleles

Question 8

wild type phenotype

Answer 8

Mutant phenotype is a variant of the normal allele that arose from a gene mutation

Question 9

homozygous dominant

Answer 9

Genotype is depicted at TT

Question 10

homozygous recessive

Answer 10

genotype is depicted as tt

Question 11

Allele combination - punnet squares

Answer 11

Can use information to deduce genotype of parental and filial generations

• Predict probability of offspring have specific genotype/ phenotype
• Cross known genotype with known genotype to fill in missing information

Question 12

Autosomal dominanat

Answer 12

-One copy of allele must be present for phenotype to occur
-Will be present in any individual that inherits allele
-Will be present in every generation
EX-
—Huntington’s disease
—Marfans
—-Lactose intolerant
—-Transmission will only stop after a generation in which no one inherits the mutation.

Question 13

autosomal recessive

Answer 13

Requires two copies of allele for phenotype to occur
- Each parent must have had at least one copy of allele
- A heterozygote of an autosomal recessive trait is a carrier - only exist in recessive stuff
- Do not have trait because they only have on copy of allele
- Can transmit trait to future generation
-Possible to skip generations
-Examples of autosomal recessive diseases
CF
Sickle-cell
Tay-Sachs

Question 14

carrier

Answer 14

Only exists in recessive

Question 15

consanguinity

Answer 15

production of offspring by relative; - inbreeding or close breeding

Question 16

Dominant traits =

Answer 16

from an allele that causes “ gain in function”

• Mutant allele generates protein that is different and blocks the function of the protein produced by the normal/ wild type allele
• Masks appearance of genetic trait

Question 17

Recessive traits

Answer 17

• from allele that cause “ loss of function”
• Mutant allele prevent production of any protein or allows production of a non-functional protein
  Heteroygote can compensate with the protein produced by the one remaining normal allele
  -Trait that is masked

Question 18

Mendel

How did he do it

Answer 18

• first person to establish rules to predict the inheritance patterns of a specific traits
• started crossing plants and following a single trait over multiple generations