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CSS OTH6010 midterm exam > WEEK 2 PART 2 > Flashcards

WEEK 2 PART 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which motor grasp typically develops around 10-12 months of age?

A

Neat pincer grasp

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2
Q

What type of grasp is used for non-manipulative holding, such as holding a ball?

A

spherical grasp

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3
Q

Which reflex typically integrates by 4-5 months of age?

A

palmar grasp reflex

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4
Q

True or False: Object manipulation skills such as translation, rotation, and vibration typically begin to develop around 6 months.

A

False* (Translation and rotation start around 2-3 months; vibration begins at 3-4 months)

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5
Q

What grasps are considered power grasps?

A
  • Cylindrical grasp
  • Spherical grasp
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6
Q

what are the key components of in-hand manipulation skills?

A

-translation
-shift
-rotation

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7
Q

Which theory of motor control focuses on reflex actions as the primary driver of movement?

A

reflex theory

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8
Q

At what age does symbolic play typically begin to develop in children?

A

24-36months

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9
Q

What is one of the main characteristics of rough and tumble play?

A

play fighting physical contact

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10
Q

what are the elements of Bundy’s model of playfulness?

A

-Intrinsic motivation
-Internal control
-Suspended reality

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11
Q

Which types of play develop between 6 months and 12 months?

A

Exploratory & Functional

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12
Q

name the factors that influence hand use and motor learning

A

-Sensory perception
-Object affordance
-Musculoskeletal control

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13
Q

What is the first stage of object manipulation according to Karnoil’s stages?

A

Translation

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14
Q

Which grasp pattern is characterized by holding an object with the entire hand without using fingertips?

A

Palmar grasp

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15
Q

During which stage of play do children start to interact but not fully cooperate with each other?

A

associate play

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16
Q

A 6-month-old child is able to transfer objects from one hand to another and begins to demonstrate coordinated actions. What developmental milestone is this child demonstrating?

A

hand-to-hand transfer

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17
Q

During an occupational therapy session, a therapist notices that a 4-year-old child struggles to play cooperatively with peers but engages in associative play. What stage of play is this child exhibiting?

A

associate play

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18
Q

a parent reports that their 2-year-old watches other children play but does not join them. What type of play behavior is this child demonstrating?

A

Spectator/Onlooker behavior

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19
Q

what are primitive reflexes?

A

automatic movements that are crucial for infant development

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20
Q

what is in-hand manipulation?

A

the ability to move objects within one hand

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21
Q

give an example of the transactional relationship

A

a child’s ability to play in a park is influenced by their physical abilities and the park’s layout

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22
Q

A child building a sandcastle at the beach. The child is engrossed in the activity purely because it’s fun and enjoyable, not because they are seeking a reward or recognition. They keep refining and adjusting their castle because they genuinely enjoy the process. What element of playfulness is described in this situation?

A

intrinsic motivation

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23
Q

A group of friends playing a game of make-believe where they each decide their roles (e.g., one is a pirate captain, the others are the crew). The participants control the narrative, set their own rules, and shape the environment, allowing them to dictate the direction of the play without external constraints. What element of playfulness is described in this situation?

A

internal control

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24
Q

Describe: In-hand manipulation -> finger-to-palm translation

A

move from fingers to palm

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25
Q

Describe: In-hand manipulation -> palm-to-finger translation

A

move from palm to fingertips

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26
Q

Describe: In-hand manipulation ->

A
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27
Q

Describe: In-hand manipulation -> Shifts

A

Adjust object by finger pads

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28
Q

Describe: In-hand manipulation -> Simple rotation

A

Turn/roll object 90
degrees or less with fingers

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29
Q

Describe: In-hand manipulation -> Complex rotation

A

Turn more than 90
degrees, finger & thumb

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30
Q

Occupational Perspective of Health
Competence & development occur
through

A

doing, being, belonging, &
becoming, establish identity, find
belonging

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31
Q

describe the dynamic systems perspective-movement

A

a way to interact with
the world, not an isolated experience

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32
Q

describe embodied cognition

A

movement is a
catalyst for the interaction that drive
cognition, language & motor
development

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33
Q

Children are most plastic at what age?

A

3 years old

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34
Q

Reflexes/Reactions: when does the Protective extension - UE to catch balance develop?

A

6-9months through life

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35
Q

Reflexes/Reactions: when does the Stagger LE- step towards displacement develop?

A

15-18mo through life

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36
Q

Reflexes/Reactions: when does the Equilibrium- sitting develop?

A

7-8months through life

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37
Q

Reflexes/Reactions: when does the “standing” develop?

A

12-21months through life

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38
Q

reflexes/reactions: when does the Equilibrium or tilting- supine/prone develop?

A

5-6mo through life

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39
Q

Grasps: reflex squeeze develops at ?

A

4m

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40
Q

Grasps: crude palmar grasp develops at ?

A

4-5m

41
Q

grasps: palmar grasp develops at?

A

5-6m

42
Q

grasps: radial palmar grasp develops at?

A

6-7m

43
Q

grasps: raking develops at?

A

7-8m

44
Q

grasps: radial digital develops at?

A

8-9m

45
Q

grasps: scissors grasp develops at?

A

8-9m

46
Q

grasps: inferior pincer develops at?

A

8-9m

47
Q

grasps: three jaw chuck develops at?

A

8-9m

48
Q

grasps: pincer develops at?

A

10-12m

49
Q

grasps: neat pincer develops at?

A

10-12m

50
Q

describe the rooting reflex (integration age and what it is)

A
  • birth–3mo*
    -light touch near the mouth
    -open mouth and turn head towards touch
51
Q

describe the sucking/swallowing reflex (integration age and what it is

A

birth–2/5m
-light touch on oral cavity
-closes mouth, sucks, swallows

52
Q

describe the Moro’s reflex (integration age and what it is)

A

birth–4/6mo
-drop head more than 30 degrees extended
-arms and hands extend

53
Q

describe the Palmar grasp &
Plantar grasp reflex (integration age and what it is)

A

birth—4/6 & 4-9m
-pressure on ulnar surface of palm/ball of foot
-fingers/toes flex

54
Q

describe the neonatal positive-support primary standing reflex (integration age and what it is)

A

birth-1/2m
-being bounced on soles of feet
-tone increases, hip knee flexion

55
Q

describe the ATNR reflex (integration age and what it is)

A

birth–4/6mo)
-head turned to the side
-arm and leg on face side extend, opposite flex

56
Q

Describe the STNR reflex (integration age and what it is)

A

birth–4/6mo
- 1. flexed head, arm flex & leg extend
- 2. extended head, arm extend & leg flex

57
Q

Describe the TLR reflex (age of integration and what it is)

A

birth–4/6mo)
-arm & legs moved into flexion/extension
-Neck UE & LE tone increase
-opposite when extended

58
Q

describe the landau reflex (age of integration & what it is)

A

3/4-12/24m
-Suspension and active passive dorsiflexion of head
-Hip and legs extend; UE abduct, elbows flex

59
Q

Principles of experience-dependent neuroplasticity: USE IT OR LOSE IT?

A

Failure to drive specific brain functions can lead to functional degradation

60
Q

Principles of experience-dependent neuroplasticity: USE IT AND IMPROVE IT?

A

Training that drives a specific brain function can lead to an enhancement of that function,
practice makes perfect

61
Q

Principles of experience-dependent neuroplasticity: SPECIFICITY

A

The nature of the training experiences dictates
the nature of the plasticity

62
Q

Principles of experience-dependent neuroplasticity: Repetition
Matters

A

Induction of plasticity requires sufficient repetition

63
Q

Principles of experience-dependent neuroplasticity: Intensity Matters

A

Induction of plasticity requires sufficient training intensity

64
Q

Principles of experience-dependent neuroplasticity: Time Matters

A

Different forms of plasticity occur at different times during training

65
Q

Principles of experience-dependent neuroplasticity: Salience Matters

A

The training experience must be sufficiently meaningful to induce plasticity

66
Q

Principles of experience-dependent neuroplasticity: Age Matters

A

Training induced plasticity occurs more readily in younger brains

67
Q

Principles of experience-dependent neuroplasticity: Transference

A

Plasticity in response to one experience can enhance the acquisition of similar behaviors

68
Q

Principles of experience-dependent neuroplasticity: Interference

A

Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviors

69
Q

Gross Motor/Mobility- (Birth–6mo)

A
  • Lift head (3/4),
  • raise trunk (4/6), Kicks when supine , Sits propping , plays with standing w/ support, Rolls from place to place
70
Q

Gross Motor/Mobility- (6–12mo)

A

Sits independently, Rolls from place to place, Independently gets into sitting position, Pivots in sitting position , Stands, holding for support, Plays in standing when leaning on support, Crawls on belly initially, then all fours, Walks with hand held

71
Q

Gross Motor/Mobility- (12–18mo)

A

Sits in small chair, plays in standing, Walks well. squats, picks up toys from floor, Climbs into adult chair, flings ball, Pulls toys when walking, Begins to run, Walks upstairs with one hand held, Pushes and pulls large toys or boxes on floor

72
Q

Gross Motor/Mobility- (18–24mo)

A

Runs, squats, climbs on furniture, Climbs on jungle gym and slides, Moves on ride-on toy without pedals, kicks ball forward, Throws ball at large target, Jumps with both feet, Walks up and down stairs

73
Q

Gross Motor/Mobility- (24–36mo)

A

Rides tricycle, Catches large ball against chest, Jumps from step or small height, Begins to hop on one foot

74
Q

Gross Motor/Mobility- (3–4 years)

A

Jumps, climbs, runs, Begins to skip and hop, Rides tricycle, Stands briefly on one foot, Alternates feet walking upstairs, Jumps from step with 2 feet

75
Q

Gross Motor/Mobility- (4–5years)

A

Jumps down from high step; jumps forward, Throws ball, Hops for long sequences, Climbs on playground equipment, swinging from arms or legs, Throws ball and hits target, Skips for long distance, Walks up and down stairs reciprocally

76
Q

Gross Motor/Mobility- (5–6years)

A

Hops well for long distances, Skips with good balance, Catches ball with two hands, Kicks with accuracy, Stand on one foot for
8-10 seconds

77
Q

Gross Motor/Mobility- (6–10years)

A

Runs with speed and endurance, Jumps, hops, skips, Throws ball well at long distances, Catches ball with accuracy

78
Q

Describe stage one of karnoils 3 stages and its sub-stages

A
  1. infant moves objects in space
    a. rotation
    b. translation
    b. vibration
79
Q

(Karnoils 3 stages) describe substage 1 of stage 1

A

rotation- movement with wrist at 2-3mo

80
Q

(Karnoils 3 stages) describe substage 2 of stage 1

A

translation- movement toward and away from body at 2-3mo

81
Q

(Karnoils 3 stages) describe substage 3 of stage 1

A

vibration- rapid movement with elbow flexion at 3-4mo

82
Q

(Karnoils 3 stages) describe substage 1 of stage 2

A

a. bilateral hold (passive with 1 hand at 3-4 mo

83
Q

(Karnoils 3 stages) describe substage 2 of stage 2

A

two-handed hold- both hands holding at 4mo

84
Q

(Karnoils 3 stages) describe hand-to-hand transfer

A

(t/f to other hand, pauses for two-hand hold) at 4mo

85
Q

(Karnoils 3 stages) describe the third stage

A

-both hands, separate but coordinated
a. coord. action w/ single object (hold with 1 hand, action with other) AT 6mo
b. coord. action of 2 objects (object in each hand, action w/ both) AT 6-7mo

86
Q

Describe the “just right challenge”

A

grading/adapting an activity to be not too difficult that it feels unachievable and not too easy that it is not beneficial.

87
Q

what are the types of play: National institute for play

A

-Attunement
-Body and movement play
-Object play
-Imaginative play
-Social play
-Rough and tumple play
-Celebratory and ritual play
-Storytelling and narrative play

88
Q

what are the 6 stages of play?

A
  1. Unoccupied Play
  2. Solitary Play
  3. Spectator/Onlooker Behavior
  4. Parallel Play
  5. Associate Play
    6.Cooperative Play
89
Q

describe Stage 1 of play (Unoccupied play)

A

*0–3mo
-Making movements with arms, legs, hands, feet, discover more about their bodies

90
Q

describe Stage 2 of play (Solitary play)

A

*0–2y
-Play alone and not interest in playing with others

91
Q

describe Stage 3 of play (Spectator/Onlooker Behavior)

A

*2y
-Child watches other children playing but doesn’t play with them

92
Q

describe Stage 4 of play (Parallel play)

A

*2+y
-Child plays alongside or near others but not with them

93
Q

describe Stage 5 of play (Associate play)

A

*3-4y
- Child interacts with others but
cooperation is not required

94
Q

describe Stage 6 of play (Cooperative play)

A

*4+y
-Child plays with others and has interest in the activity and other children involved

95
Q

Taxonomy of play Stage 1 :

A

birth-2years (Sensorimotor)

96
Q

Taxonomy of play Stage 2 :

A

2-4years (Symbolic & simple constructive)

97
Q

Taxonomy of play Stage 3 :

A

4-7years (Dramatic, complex constructive, pregame)

98
Q

4-7years (Dramatic, complex constructive, pregame)

A

7-12years (games)

99
Q

Taxonomy of play Stage 5 :

A

Recreational

CSS OTH6010 midterm exam (1 decks)

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