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MEDBIO 1: Anatomy and Physiology > Week 2 Part 1: Cell Structure > Flashcards

Week 2 Part 1: Cell Structure Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 Macromolecule and its
Building Blocks and Major Function.

A

Protein - Amino Acid - Basic structure and function of cell

Nucleic Acid:
DNA- deoxyribonucleotide-Hereditary Information
RNA - ribonucleotide - Protein synthesis

Carbohydrates-monosaccharide-Storage form of energy, source of energy

Lipids-Fatty acid and glycerol-Storage form of energy to meet-term demands

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2
Q

What are the types of cell

A

Prokaryotic Cell - smaller simple
Eukaryotic Cell - more complex

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3
Q

Differentiate Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell

A

Prokaryotic - No define nucleus and cell organelle, smaller and simple, Eubacteria, Archaebacteria

Eukaryotic - Have nucleus and cell organelle, more complex, Plants, Animals, Fungi, Protist

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4
Q

Cell Theory

A
  1. All plants and animals are composed of cell
  2. Cell is the basic unit of life
  3. All cells arise by reproduction from previous cells.
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5
Q

Elements that is found in cells

A

CHON
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen

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6
Q

Parts of the Cell

A
  1. Nucleus
  2. Plasma Membrane
  3. Cytoplasm
  4. Ribosome
  5. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
  6. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
  7. Golgi Apparatus
  8. Lysosome
  9. Peroxisome
  10. Cytoskeleton
  11. Centriole
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7
Q

What organelle that called Control center of the cell, Contains genetic material (DNA) and have Three regions?

A

Nucleus

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8
Q

3 Regions of Nucleus

A
  1. Nuclear envelope (membrane)
  2. Nucleolus
  3. Nucleoplasm
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9
Q

its is the Barrier of the nucleus, Consists of a double membrane
and Contains nuclear pores
that allow for exchange
of material with the rest
of the cell

A

Nuclear envelope (membrane)

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10
Q

it is the Sites of ribosome assembly
Ribosomes migrate into the cytoplasm through nuclear pores?

A

Nucleolus

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11
Q

it perform certain functions such as supporting the chromatin material and nucleolus ,providing rigidity to the nucleus. It is the site of synthesis of DNA, RNA and ribosomal subunits.

A

Nucleoplasm

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12
Q

Composed of DNA and protein, Present when the cell is not dividing
, Scattered throughout the nucleus
and Condenses to form chromosomes when the cell divides

A

Chromatin

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13
Q

Barrier for cell contents and its has Double phospholipid layer

A

Plasma Membrane ( Hydrophilic heads, Hydrophobic tails ,Also contains proteins, cholesterol, and
glycoproteins)

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14
Q

organelle that support and suspend
organelles and cellular
molecules. protein synthesis, the first stage of cellular respiration
(known as glycolysis), mitosis,
and meiosis. helps to move
materials, such as hormones,
around the cell and also
dissolves cellular waste.

A

Cytoplasm

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15
Q

first stage of cellular respiration

A

glycolysis

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16
Q

organelle that is made of protein and RNA, Sites of protein synthesis and found at two locations
which is Free in the cytoplasm
and as part of the rough
endoplasmic reticulum (Bound)?

A

Ribosome

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17
Q

made up of cisternae
and vesicles. The
cisternae are made up
of flattened membrane
disks, synthesizes proteins
Studded with ribosomes.

A

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

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18
Q

Organelle that is made up of tubules and its Functions is in lipid
metabolism and detoxification of drugs?

A

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

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19
Q

How Lysosome produce

A

protein synthesized on the ribosome migrate to RET cistern, protein fold into functional shape, short sugar chain attach forming glycoprotein, protein is packed in tiny membraneous sac called transport vesicle, transport vesicle buds from the ret and travel to the gogli apparatus for further processing

20
Q

this organelle Modifies, sort, and
packages proteins Produces

A

Golgi Apparatus

21
Q

What types different types of packages in golgi apparatus.

A

Pathway 1: Secretory vesicles
Pathway 2: Cell membrane
Pathway 3: Lysosome

22
Q

organelle that Contain enzymes
produced by ribosomes, Packaged by the Golgi apparatus. Digest worn-out or non-usable materials
within the cell/

A

Lysosome

23
Q

organelle that Membranous sacs of
oxidase enzymes (Detoxify harmful
substances such as alcohol and
formaldehyde Break down free radicals (highly)
reactive and Replicate by
pinching in half

A

Peroxisome

24
Q

Network of protein structures that extend throughout the cytoplasm
Provides the cell with an internal framework Three different types of
elements: (Microfilaments
(thinnest), Intermediate filaments
Microtubules (thickest)

A

Cytoskeleton

25
Q

organelle that is Rod-shaped bodies
made of microtubules and Direct the formation of the mitotic spindle
during cell division?

A

Centrioles

26
Q

9+2 cell, 9+0, and 0+0

A

Motile cilia/flagella, primary cilia, microvilli

27
Q

Cell Physiology:

A

Membrane Transport

28
Q

the movement of substances into
and out of the cell

A

Membrane Transport

29
Q

selectively permeable
(some substances can pass through, but others
cannot)

A

Cell membranes

30
Q

Two Methods of Transport

A

Passive processes
Active process

31
Q

its a method of transport that No energy is required, Must have a concentration gradient Movement is from high concentration to low concentration

A

Passive Transport

32
Q

its a method of transport that Cell must provide metabolic energy (ATP) Go against the concentration gradient From low concentration to high concentration

A

Active Transport

33
Q

Particles tend to distribute themselves evenly within a solution, Movement is from high concentration to low
concentration, or down a concentration gradient

A

Diffusion

34
Q

Types of diffusion

A

Simple diffusion
Osmosis
Facilitated diffusion
Filtration

35
Q

An unassisted process Solutes are lipid-soluble materials or small enough to pass through membrane pores.

A

Simple Diffusion

36
Q

Highly polar water molecules easily cross the plasma membrane through aquaporins.

A

Osmosis

37
Q

Substances require a protein
carrier for passive transport Transports lipid-insoluble
and large substances

A

Facilitated Diffusion

38
Q

Water and solutes are forced through a membrane by fluid, or hydrostatic pressure, A pressure gradient must exist. Solute-containing fluid is pushed from a
high-pressure area to a lower pressure area.

A

Filtration

39
Q

Substances are transported that are unable to pass by diffusion: Substances may be too large, Substances may not be able to dissolve in the fat core of the membrane Substances may have to move against a .concentration gradient. ATP is used for transport

A

Active Transport

40
Q

Two common forms of active transport

A

Active transport (solute pumping)
Vesicular transport

41
Q

Amino acids, some sugars, and ions are transported by protein carriers called solute pumps ATP energizes protein carriers

A

Active transport (solute pumping)

42
Q

Two type of Vesicular Transport

A

Exocytosis
Endocytosis

43
Q

Two type of Endocytosis

A

Phagocytosis (Cell eating)
Pinocytosis (Cell Drinking)

44
Q

Moves materials out of the cell
Material is carried in a membranous vesicle
Vesicle migrates to plasma membrane
Vesicle combines with plasma membrane
Material is emptied to the outside

A

Exocytosis

45
Q

Extracellular substances are engulfed by being enclosed in a
membranous vesicle

A

Endocytosis

MEDBIO 1: Anatomy and Physiology (5 decks)

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