Week 2 Part 1: Cell Structure

Question 1

What are the 4 Macromolecule and its
Building Blocks and Major Function.

Answer 1

Protein - Amino Acid - Basic structure and function of cell

Nucleic Acid:
DNA- deoxyribonucleotide-Hereditary Information
RNA - ribonucleotide - Protein synthesis

Carbohydrates-monosaccharide-Storage form of energy, source of energy

Lipids-Fatty acid and glycerol-Storage form of energy to meet-term demands

Question 2

What are the types of cell

Answer 2

Prokaryotic Cell - smaller simple
Eukaryotic Cell - more complex

Question 3

Differentiate Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell

Answer 3

Prokaryotic - No define nucleus and cell organelle, smaller and simple, Eubacteria, Archaebacteria

Eukaryotic - Have nucleus and cell organelle, more complex, Plants, Animals, Fungi, Protist

Question 4

Cell Theory

Answer 4

1. All plants and animals are composed of cell
2. Cell is the basic unit of life
3. All cells arise by reproduction from previous cells.

Question 5

Elements that is found in cells

Answer 5

CHON
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen

Question 6

Parts of the Cell

Answer 6

1. Nucleus
2. Plasma Membrane
3. Cytoplasm
4. Ribosome
5. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
6. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
7. Golgi Apparatus
8. Lysosome
9. Peroxisome
10. Cytoskeleton
11. Centriole

Question 7

What organelle that called Control center of the cell, Contains genetic material (DNA) and have Three regions?

Answer 7

Nucleus

Question 8

3 Regions of Nucleus

Answer 8

1. Nuclear envelope (membrane)
2. Nucleolus
3. Nucleoplasm

Question 9

its is the Barrier of the nucleus, Consists of a double membrane
and Contains nuclear pores
that allow for exchange
of material with the rest
of the cell

Answer 9

Nuclear envelope (membrane)

Question 10

it is the Sites of ribosome assembly
Ribosomes migrate into the cytoplasm through nuclear pores?

Answer 10

Nucleolus

Question 11

it perform certain functions such as supporting the chromatin material and nucleolus ,providing rigidity to the nucleus. It is the site of synthesis of DNA, RNA and ribosomal subunits.

Answer 11

Nucleoplasm

Question 12

Composed of DNA and protein, Present when the cell is not dividing
, Scattered throughout the nucleus
and Condenses to form chromosomes when the cell divides

Answer 12

Chromatin

Question 13

Barrier for cell contents and its has Double phospholipid layer

Answer 13

Plasma Membrane ( Hydrophilic heads, Hydrophobic tails ,Also contains proteins, cholesterol, and
glycoproteins)

Question 14

organelle that support and suspend
organelles and cellular
molecules. protein synthesis, the first stage of cellular respiration
(known as glycolysis), mitosis,
and meiosis. helps to move
materials, such as hormones,
around the cell and also
dissolves cellular waste.

Answer 14

Cytoplasm

Question 15

first stage of cellular respiration

Answer 15

glycolysis

Question 16

organelle that is made of protein and RNA, Sites of protein synthesis and found at two locations
which is Free in the cytoplasm
and as part of the rough
endoplasmic reticulum (Bound)?

Answer 16

Ribosome

Question 17

made up of cisternae
and vesicles. The
cisternae are made up
of flattened membrane
disks, synthesizes proteins
Studded with ribosomes.

Answer 17

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 18

Organelle that is made up of tubules and its Functions is in lipid
metabolism and detoxification of drugs?

Answer 18

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 19

How Lysosome produce

Answer 19

protein synthesized on the ribosome migrate to RET cistern, protein fold into functional shape, short sugar chain attach forming glycoprotein, protein is packed in tiny membraneous sac called transport vesicle, transport vesicle buds from the ret and travel to the gogli apparatus for further processing

Question 20

this organelle Modifies, sort, and
packages proteins Produces

Answer 20

Golgi Apparatus

Question 21

What types different types of packages in golgi apparatus.

Answer 21

Pathway 1: Secretory vesicles
Pathway 2: Cell membrane
Pathway 3: Lysosome

Question 22

organelle that Contain enzymes
produced by ribosomes, Packaged by the Golgi apparatus. Digest worn-out or non-usable materials
within the cell/

Answer 22

Lysosome

Question 23

organelle that Membranous sacs of
oxidase enzymes (Detoxify harmful
substances such as alcohol and
formaldehyde Break down free radicals (highly)
reactive and Replicate by
pinching in half

Answer 23

Peroxisome

Question 24

Network of protein structures that extend throughout the cytoplasm
Provides the cell with an internal framework Three different types of
elements: (Microfilaments
(thinnest), Intermediate filaments
Microtubules (thickest)

Answer 24

Cytoskeleton

Question 25

organelle that is Rod-shaped bodies made of microtubules and Direct the formation of the mitotic spindle during cell division?

Answer 25

Centrioles

Question 26

9+2 cell, 9+0, and 0+0

Answer 26

Motile cilia/flagella, primary cilia, microvilli

Question 27

Cell Physiology:

Answer 27

Membrane Transport

Question 28

the movement of substances into and out of the cell

Answer 28

Membrane Transport

Question 29

selectively permeable (some substances can pass through, but others cannot)

Answer 29

Cell membranes

Question 30

Two Methods of Transport

Answer 30

Passive processes Active process

Question 31

its a method of transport that No energy is required, Must have a concentration gradient Movement is from high concentration to low concentration

Answer 31

Passive Transport

Question 32

its a method of transport that Cell must provide metabolic energy (ATP) Go against the concentration gradient From low concentration to high concentration

Answer 32

Active Transport

Question 33

Particles tend to distribute themselves evenly within a solution, Movement is from high concentration to low concentration, or down a concentration gradient

Answer 33

Diffusion

Question 34

Types of diffusion

Answer 34

Simple diffusion Osmosis Facilitated diffusion Filtration

Question 35

An unassisted process Solutes are lipid-soluble materials or small enough to pass through membrane pores.

Answer 35

Simple Diffusion

Question 36

Highly polar water molecules easily cross the plasma membrane through aquaporins.

Answer 36

Osmosis

Question 37

Substances require a protein carrier for passive transport Transports lipid-insoluble and large substances

Answer 37

Facilitated Diffusion

Question 38

Water and solutes are forced through a membrane by fluid, or hydrostatic pressure, A pressure gradient must exist. Solute-containing fluid is pushed from a high-pressure area to a lower pressure area.

Answer 38

Filtration

Question 39

Substances are transported that are unable to pass by diffusion: Substances may be too large, Substances may not be able to dissolve in the fat core of the membrane Substances may have to move against a .concentration gradient. ATP is used for transport

Answer 39

Active Transport

Question 40

Two common forms of active transport

Answer 40

Active transport (solute pumping) Vesicular transport

Question 41

Amino acids, some sugars, and ions are transported by protein carriers called solute pumps ATP energizes protein carriers

Answer 41

Active transport (solute pumping)

Question 42

Two type of Vesicular Transport

Answer 42

Exocytosis Endocytosis

Question 43

Two type of Endocytosis

Answer 43

Phagocytosis (Cell eating) Pinocytosis (Cell Drinking)

Question 44

Moves materials out of the cell Material is carried in a membranous vesicle Vesicle migrates to plasma membrane Vesicle combines with plasma membrane Material is emptied to the outside

Answer 44

Exocytosis

Question 45

Extracellular substances are engulfed by being enclosed in a membranous vesicle

Answer 45

Endocytosis