Week 1: Organization of the Human Body

Question 1

it is the science of body structures
and the relationships among them

Answer 1

Anatomy

Question 2

it is the science of body functions–
how body parts work

Answer 2

Physiology

Question 3

Organization of the Human Body Content

Answer 3

1. Selected Subspecialties of Physiology
2. Level of structural organization
3. Organ System of the human body
4. Basic Life Process
5. Basic Anatomical Terminologies

Question 4

The first 8 weeks of
development following
fertilization of an egg

Answer 4

Embryology

Question 5

The complete development of an
individual from fertilization of an egg
to death

Answer 5

Development Biology

Question 6

Cellular structure and functions

Answer 6

Cell Biology

Question 7

Surface markings of the body to
understand internal anatomy
through visualization and
palpation

Answer 7

Surface Anatomy

Question 8

Structures that can be
examined without using a
microscope

Answer 8

Gross Anatomy

Question 9

Structure of specific systems of
the body such as the nervous

Answer 9

Systemic Anatomy

Question 10

Functional properties of nerve cells

Answer 10

Neurophysiology

Question 11

Hormones and how they control
body functions

Answer 11

Endocrinology

Question 12

Functions of the heart and blood
vessels

Answer 12

Cardiovascular Physiology

Question 13

How the body defends itself against
disease-causing agents

Answer 13

Immunology

Question 14

Functions of the kidneys

Answer 14

Renal Physiology

Question 15

Functional changes associated
with disease and aging.

Answer 15

Pathophysiology

Question 16

Levels of structural organization

Answer 16

1. Chemical Lvl
2. Cellular Lvl
3. Tissue Lvl
4. Organ Lvl
5. System Lvl
6. Organismal Lvl

Question 17

Organ-Systems of the HumanBody

Answer 17

1. Integumentary System
2. Skeletal System
3. Muscular System
4. Nervous System
5. Respiratory System
6. Digestive System
7. Cardiovascular System
8. Endocrine System
9. Lymphatic System
10. Urinary System
11. Reproductive System

Question 18

Functions: protects
the body; helps
regulate body
temperature;
eliminates some
wastes; helps make
Vit D; and detects
sensations such as
touch, pain, warmth,
and cold.

Answer 18

Integumentary System

Question 19

Functions: supports
and protects the
body; provides a
surface area for
muscle attachments;
aids body
movements; houses
cells that produce
blood cells; stores
mineral and lipids

Answer 19

Skeletal System

Question 20

Functions: Produces
body movements
such as walking;
stabilizes body
position; generates
heat

Answer 20

Muscular System

Question 21

Functions:
Generates action
potentials (nerve
impulses) to regulate
body activities; detects
changes in the body’s
internal and external
environments,
interprets changes,
and responds by
causing muscular
contractions or
glandular secretions.

Answer 21

Nervous System

Question 22

Functions:
Regulates body
activities by
releasing
hormones which
are chemical
messengers
transported in
blood from an
endocrine gland
or tissue to a
target organ

Answer 22

Endocrine System

Question 23

Functions: Heart
pumps blood through
blood vessels; blood
carries oxygen and
nutrients to cells and
CO2 and wastes
away from cells and

helps regulate acid-
base balance,

temperature, water
content; blood
components help
defend against
disease

Answer 23

Cardiovascular System

Question 24

Functions: Returns
proteins and fluid to
blood; carries lipids
from GI tract to
blood; include
structures where
lymphocytes that
protect against
disease-causing
microbes mature
and proliferate

Answer 24

Lymphatic System

Question 25

Functions: Transfers oxygen from inhaled air to blood and CO2 from blood to exhaled air; helps regulate acid- base balance of body fluids; air flowing out of lungs through vocal cords produces sounds

Answer 25

Respiratory System

Question 26

Functions: Achieves physical and chemical breakdown of food; absorbs nutrients; eliminates solid wastes

Answer 26

Digestive System

Question 27

Functions: Produces, stores, and eliminates urine; eliminates wastes and regulates volume and chemical composition of blood; helps maintain the acid-base balance of body fluids; maintains body’s mineral balance; helps regulate production of red blood cells

Answer 27

Urinary System

Question 28

Functions: Gonads produce gametes that unite to form a new organism; gonads release hormones that regulate reproduction and other body processes

Answer 28

Reproductive System

Question 29

Basic Life Processes

Answer 29

1. Metabolism 2. Responsiveness 3. Movements 4. Growth 5. Differentiation 6.Reproduction 7. Homeostasis

Question 30

sum of all the chemical processes that occur in the body

Answer 30

Metabolism

Question 31

breakdown of complex chemical substances into simpler components (Larger molecule to small molecule to energy)

Answer 31

Catabolism

Question 32

the building up of complex chemical substances from smaller, simpler components (small molecule to large molecule)

Answer 32

Anabolism

Question 33

the body’s ability to detect and respond to changes

Answer 33

Responsiveness Example: PAET, BUS Break using Phone

Question 34

includes motion of the whole body, individual organs, single cells, and even tiny structures inside cells give example

Answer 34

Movement Examples: Coordinated movements of your leg muscles * Contraction of the gallbladder to squirt bile into the GI tract * Movement of WBCs to the site of tissue injury

Question 35

increase in body size that results from an increase in the size of existing cells, an increase in the number of cells, or both give example

Answer 35

Growth Examples: * Mineral deposits accumulate between bones cells, causing the bone to grow in length and width

Question 36

is the development of a cell from an unspecialized to a specialized state

Answer 36

Differentiation- Example: cancer form tumor Stem Cell: to replace other cell

Question 37

refers either to the formation of new cells for tissue growth, repair, or replacement, or to the production of a new individual

Answer 37

Reproduction-

Question 38

Is the condition of equilibrium in the body’s internal environment due to the constant interaction of the body’s many regulatory

Answer 38

Homeostasis

Question 39

is a cycle of events in which the status of a body condition is monitored, evaluated, changed, remonitored, reevaluated, and so on.

Answer 39

Feedback system- Example: Body Temperature exceeds to 37%

Question 40

reverses a change in a controlled condition.

Answer 40

Negative Feedback system- Example: Glucose Norm

Question 41

strengthens or reinforce a change in one of the body’s controlled condition.

Answer 41

Positive Feedback system- Example: Baby Contraction

Question 42

Description of any region or part of the human body assume that it is in a specific stance called

Answer 42

anatomical position.

Question 43

body is lying face down

Answer 43

Prone position-

Question 44

body is lying face up

Answer 44

Supine position-

Question 45

body is lying face up

Answer 45

Supine position-

Question 46

Parts of the Body using the Directional Terms

Answer 46

See images in ppt then memorize Top to Bottom Cephalic (Head) Cervical (Neck) Upper Limb Lower Limb

Question 47

are used to describe the position of one body part relative to another

Answer 47

Directional terms

Question 48

Directional Terms

Answer 48

1. Superior - toward the head 2. Inferior - baba 3. Anterior - front 4. Posterior - back 5. Lateral- sa mga sides like arms 6. Medial - sa gitna sa puso 7. Ipsilateral - same side of the body left 8. Contralateral - reverse right 9. Proximal - malapit sa joints 10. Distal - malayo sa joints 11. Superficial - patong patong of muscles unang layer Deep - last layer

Question 49

imaginary flat surfaces that pass through the body parts

Answer 49

Planes

Question 50

Type of Planes

Answer 50

Sagittal plane - virtical plane - middle Coronal plane - corona cut horizontal Transverse plane or cross sectional - diagonal cut Oblique plane - between the two

Question 51

are spaces within the body that help protect, separate, and support internal

Answer 51

Body Cavities

Question 52

Type of cavities

Answer 52

1.ThoracicCavity 2. Mediastinum 3.Abdominopelvic Cavity 4.

Question 53

Abdominopelvic Regions and Quadrants

Answer 53

pubic region and etc see image in ppt