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MEDBIO 1: Anatomy and Physiology > Week 1: Organization of the Human Body > Flashcards

Week 1: Organization of the Human Body Flashcards

1
Q

it is the science of body structures
and the relationships among them

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

it is the science of body functions–
how body parts work

A

Physiology

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3
Q

Organization of the Human Body Content

A
  1. Selected Subspecialties of Physiology
  2. Level of structural organization
  3. Organ System of the human body
  4. Basic Life Process
  5. Basic Anatomical Terminologies
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4
Q

The first 8 weeks of
development following
fertilization of an egg

A

Embryology

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5
Q

The complete development of an
individual from fertilization of an egg
to death

A

Development Biology

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6
Q

Cellular structure and functions

A

Cell Biology

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7
Q

Surface markings of the body to
understand internal anatomy
through visualization and
palpation

A

Surface Anatomy

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8
Q

Structures that can be
examined without using a
microscope

A

Gross Anatomy

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9
Q

Structure of specific systems of
the body such as the nervous

A

Systemic Anatomy

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10
Q

Functional properties of nerve cells

A

Neurophysiology

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11
Q

Hormones and how they control
body functions

A

Endocrinology

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12
Q

Functions of the heart and blood
vessels

A

Cardiovascular Physiology

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13
Q

How the body defends itself against
disease-causing agents

A

Immunology

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14
Q

Functions of the kidneys

A

Renal Physiology

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15
Q

Functional changes associated
with disease and aging.

A

Pathophysiology

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16
Q

Levels of structural organization

A
  1. Chemical Lvl
  2. Cellular Lvl
  3. Tissue Lvl
  4. Organ Lvl
  5. System Lvl
  6. Organismal Lvl
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17
Q

Organ-Systems of the HumanBody

A
  1. Integumentary System
  2. Skeletal System
  3. Muscular System
  4. Nervous System
  5. Respiratory System
  6. Digestive System
  7. Cardiovascular System
  8. Endocrine System
  9. Lymphatic System
  10. Urinary System
  11. Reproductive System
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18
Q

Functions: protects
the body; helps
regulate body
temperature;
eliminates some
wastes; helps make
Vit D; and detects
sensations such as
touch, pain, warmth,
and cold.

A

Integumentary System

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19
Q

Functions: supports
and protects the
body; provides a
surface area for
muscle attachments;
aids body
movements; houses
cells that produce
blood cells; stores
mineral and lipids

A

Skeletal System

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20
Q

Functions: Produces
body movements
such as walking;
stabilizes body
position; generates
heat

A

Muscular System

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21
Q

Functions:
Generates action
potentials (nerve
impulses) to regulate
body activities; detects
changes in the body’s
internal and external
environments,
interprets changes,
and responds by
causing muscular
contractions or
glandular secretions.

A

Nervous System

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22
Q

Functions:
Regulates body
activities by
releasing
hormones which
are chemical
messengers
transported in
blood from an
endocrine gland
or tissue to a
target organ

A

Endocrine System

23
Q

Functions: Heart
pumps blood through
blood vessels; blood
carries oxygen and
nutrients to cells and
CO2 and wastes
away from cells and

helps regulate acid-
base balance,

temperature, water
content; blood
components help
defend against
disease

A

Cardiovascular System

24
Q

Functions: Returns
proteins and fluid to
blood; carries lipids
from GI tract to
blood; include
structures where
lymphocytes that
protect against
disease-causing
microbes mature
and proliferate

A

Lymphatic System

25
Q

Functions: Transfers
oxygen from inhaled
air to blood and CO2
from blood to
exhaled air; helps
regulate acid- base
balance of body
fluids; air flowing out
of lungs through
vocal cords
produces sounds

A

Respiratory System

26
Q

Functions: Achieves
physical and
chemical breakdown
of food; absorbs
nutrients; eliminates
solid wastes

A

Digestive System

27
Q

Functions: Produces,
stores, and
eliminates urine;
eliminates wastes
and regulates
volume and chemical
composition of blood;
helps maintain the
acid-base balance of
body fluids;
maintains body’s
mineral balance;
helps regulate
production of red
blood cells

A

Urinary System

28
Q

Functions: Gonads produce gametes that unite to form a
new organism; gonads release hormones that regulate
reproduction and other body processes

A

Reproductive System

29
Q

Basic Life Processes

A
  1. Metabolism
  2. Responsiveness
  3. Movements
  4. Growth
  5. Differentiation
    6.Reproduction
  6. Homeostasis
30
Q

sum of all the chemical
processes that occur in the body

A

Metabolism

31
Q

breakdown of complex chemical
substances into simpler components (Larger molecule to small molecule to energy)

A

Catabolism

32
Q

the building up of complex
chemical substances from smaller, simpler
components (small molecule to large molecule)

A

Anabolism

33
Q

the body’s ability to
detect and respond to changes

A

Responsiveness

Example: PAET, BUS Break using Phone

34
Q

includes motion of the whole
body, individual organs, single cells, and even tiny structures inside cells give example

A

Movement

Examples:
Coordinated movements of your leg muscles
* Contraction of the gallbladder to squirt bile into the GI
tract
* Movement of WBCs to the site of tissue injury

35
Q

increase in body size that results
from an increase in the size of existing cells,
an increase in the number of cells, or both give example

A

Growth

Examples:
* Mineral deposits accumulate between bones cells,
causing the
bone to grow in length and width

36
Q

is the development of a cell
from an unspecialized to a specialized state

A

Differentiation-

Example:
cancer form tumor
Stem Cell: to replace other cell

37
Q

refers either to the formation of
new cells for tissue growth, repair, or
replacement, or to the production of a new
individual

A

Reproduction-

38
Q

Is the condition of equilibrium in the
body’s internal environment due to the
constant
interaction of the body’s many
regulatory

A

Homeostasis

39
Q

is a cycle of events in
which the status of a body condition is
monitored, evaluated, changed, remonitored,
reevaluated, and so on.

A

Feedback system-

Example:
Body Temperature exceeds to 37%

40
Q

reverses a
change in a controlled condition.

A

Negative Feedback system-

Example:
Glucose Norm

41
Q

strengthens or
reinforce a change in one of the body’s
controlled condition.

A

Positive Feedback system-

Example: Baby Contraction

42
Q

Description of any region or part of the human
body assume that it is in a specific stance called

A

anatomical position.

43
Q

body is lying face down

A

Prone position-

44
Q

body is lying face up

A

Supine position-

45
Q

body is lying face up

A

Supine position-

46
Q

Parts of the Body using the Directional Terms

A

See images in ppt then memorize
Top to Bottom
Cephalic (Head)
Cervical (Neck)
Upper Limb
Lower Limb

47
Q

are used to describe the
position of one body part relative to another

A

Directional terms

48
Q

Directional Terms

A
  1. Superior - toward the head
    1. Inferior - baba
    2. Anterior - front
    3. Posterior - back
    4. Lateral- sa mga sides like arms
    5. Medial - sa gitna sa puso
    6. Ipsilateral - same side of the body left
    7. Contralateral - reverse right
    8. Proximal - malapit sa joints
    9. Distal - malayo sa joints
    10. Superficial - patong patong of muscles unang layer
      Deep - last layer
49
Q

imaginary flat surfaces that pass
through the body parts

A

Planes

50
Q

Type of Planes

A

Sagittal plane - virtical plane - middle
Coronal plane - corona cut horizontal
Transverse plane or cross sectional - diagonal cut
Oblique plane - between the two

51
Q

are spaces within the body that
help protect, separate, and support internal

A

Body Cavities

52
Q

Type of cavities

A

1.ThoracicCavity
2. Mediastinum
3.Abdominopelvic Cavity
4.

53
Q

Abdominopelvic Regions and
Quadrants

A

pubic region and etc see image in ppt

54
Q
A

MEDBIO 1: Anatomy and Physiology (5 decks)

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