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Phys > Week 2 - Neurophysiology & nervous system > Flashcards

Week 2 - Neurophysiology & nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

ANS control

A
  • in absence of stimuli, autonomic motor neurons maintain continuous activity →autonomic tone
  • DUAL INNERVATION: organs receive signals from both divisions.
    → most effects are atagonistic eg HR
    → cooperative effects are rarer eg. erection
  • single innervation only occurs for some tissues and is under sympathetic control → role in BP & flow
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2
Q

motor neurons

A

LOWER: has cell body in ventral horn of spinal cord and an axon that innervates skeletal muscle
UPPER: cell bodies in forebrain/brainstem & send axons to activate lower motor neurons

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3
Q

Afferent

A

input signals that APPROACH the CNS

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4
Q

Efferent

A

input signals that EVADE the CNS

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5
Q

Ganglion

A

collection of cell bodies located in PNS

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6
Q

visceral division

A

(autonomic)
VISCERAL SENSORY: sensory neurons carry signals from viscera
VISCERAL MOTOR: sympathetic & parasympathetic neurons carry signals to viscera

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7
Q

somatic division

A

SOMATIC SENSORY : eye, skin, skeletal muscle
- carry signals from muscles, bones, joints & skin, as well as special sensory signals

SOMATIC MOTOR: motor neurons carry signals to skeletal muscles

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8
Q

diencephalon - thalamus

A

GATEWAY TO CORTEX: filters sensorimotor info from CNS (except smell)

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9
Q

diencephalon - hypothalamus

A

COMMANDER OF ANS

  • controls homeostasis
  • endocrine functions via pituitary gland
  • connected to limbic system
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10
Q

cerebellum

A
  • monitors & coordinates movement

- 3 lobes for balance & posture, locomotion, skilled motor tasks

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11
Q

diencephalon

A
  • processes, integrates, relays info
  • maintains homeostasis
  • regulate biological rhythms
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12
Q

cerebrum

A
  • performs higher mental functions
  • interprets sensory stimuli
  • plans and initiates movement
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13
Q

white matter- functions

A
  • relay impulses to & from brain via ascending & decending tract ie. communication

ASCENDING:

  • discriminative touvh
  • balance (spacial awareness)
  • pain and temperateure

DESCENDING (MOTOR)

  • voluntary movement
  • involuntary movement (ANS CONT. & posture
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14
Q

grey matter - function

A

DORSAL HORN: neurons process afferent input from somatic & visceral tissue

  • specify stimulus MODALITY & location
  • integrating centre for spinal reflexes

LATERAL HORN: present at thoracic and sacral levels
- autonomic NS : visceral motor input

VENTRAL HORN: motor(efferent) output to skeletal tissue

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15
Q

brain stem - midbrain

A

conciousness, visual & auditory reflexes

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16
Q

brain stem - pons

A

balance, hearing, facemovement

17
Q

brainstem - medulla

A

life support systems eg. breathing & blood pressure

18
Q

reflex arc - somatic

A
  1. receptor
  2. sensory neuron
  3. integration centre
  4. motor neuron
  5. effector
19
Q

ANS

A
  • visceral motor system. para*sympathetic div
  • NOT under concious control of brain
  • regulated by HYPOTHALAMUS & BRAINSTEM
  • function: HOMEOSTASIS
    → target: visceral organs of anterior cavities: blood vessels, hairs, sweat glands
20
Q

cranial nerves

A
  1. olfactory S
  2. optic S
  3. occulomotor M
  4. Trochlear M
  5. Trigminal B
  6. Abducent M
  7. Facial B
  8. Vestibulocochlear S
  9. glossopharangeal B
  10. vagus B
  11. accessory M
  12. hypoglossal M
21
Q

Autonomic neuro transmission

A

POSTGANGLIONIC SYMPATHETIC NEURONS: release noradrenaline as neurotransmitter

POSTGANGLIONIC PARASYMPATHETIC NEURONS: release acetylcholine as neurotransmitter

both systems use acetylcholine (ACH) as their preganglionic neuro transmitter - differ in post

22
Q

sympathetic div - alarm system

A
  • efferents originate in T1-L2 cord
  • use grey & white to allow preganglionic axons access to different body regions
  • preganglionic neurons make a SINGLE SYNAPSE at one of these sites
  1. same level
  2. above/below
  3. in collateral ganglia
23
Q

monosynaptic reflex

A
  • homeostatic response to muscle fatigue/ stretch which lengthen muscle causing to contract back to original
  • reflexed give info about health of body
    → PNS damage dec. reflex size
    → CNS damage inc. reflex size
24
Q

Cholinergic receptors - ANS

A

NICTONIC: fast excitatory ionotropic channels that evoke AP →hound in post ganglionic neurons, adrenal gland cells & skeletal muscle membranes

MUSCARINIC: parasympathetic NS target tissues & sweat gland

  • diff channel type
  • evoke slow excitatory graded potentials → dont produce AP unless theres repetitive simulation
25
Q

adrenoreceptors

A

ALPHA AND BETA TYPES

  • differential tissue distribution & subtypes
  • organ resonse to stimulation depends on receptor subtypes
  • good for drugs targeting specific receptors to limit side effects

Alpha adrenoreceptors can participate in NEGATIVE FEEDBACK LOOPS to limit sympathetic activity

Phys (14 decks)

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