Week 2: Morphology and Lexicology

Question 1

Morpheme

Answer 1

The smallest meaningful units in the grammar of a language.

Question 2

Derivational Morphemes

Answer 2

Morphemes that change the class of an existing word.

Question 3

Inflectional Morphemes

Answer 3

Morphemes that give us grammatical information. For example Walk + ed = we know it happened in the past.

Question 4

Root Morphemes

Answer 4

Morphemes that stand on their own as a unit of meaning, and comprise the main meaning of the word.

Question 5

Bound Morphemes

Answer 5

Morphemes that need to be affixed to other morphemes to make meaning.

Question 6

Free Morphemes

Answer 6

Morphemes that stand on their own as a unit of meaning.

Question 7

Noun

Answer 7

Words that typically name things.

Question 8

Verbs

Answer 8

Words that typically describe an action or something we do.

Question 9

Auxiliary

Answer 9

Auxiliary or ‘helping’ verbs are used together with a main verb to show the verb’s tense.

Question 10

Modal Verbs

Answer 10

‘Helping’ or auxiliary verbs that express the attitude of the speaker/writer and express probability, possibility, doubt etc. For example May, will, must, should.

Question 11

Adjectives

Answer 11

Words that typically describe nouns.

Question 12

Adverbs

Answer 12

Words that modify or give more information about verbs, adjectives or adverbs, usually about time, manner or place.

Question 13

Prepositions

Answer 13

Words that express spatial relations.

Question 14

Pronouns

Answer 14

Words that replace nouns.

Question 15

Conjunctions

Answer 15

‘Joining’ words that link clauses or parts of clauses together. For example ‘but’ and ‘and’.

Question 16

Determiners (Can be called articles)

Answer 16

Words that express notions such as definiteness, quantity, number and possession. - they ‘determine’ what kind of a noun follows.’ Definite article: the, indefinite article: an/a.

Question 17

Interjections

Answer 17

Any member of a class of words expressing emotion.

Question 18

Function Words

Answer 18

Function words are words that have little lexical meaning or have ambiguous meaning, but instead serve to express grammatical relationships with other words within a sentence or specify the attitude or mood of the speaker.

Question 19

Content words

Answer 19

Words that have independent, real word meaning that might occur in a dictionary.

Question 20

Affixation

Answer 20

A morphological process that involves the addition of bound morphemes (or affixes) to a word stem.

Question 21

Prefix

Answer 21

An affix that precedes the root word.

Question 22

Suffix

Answer 22

An affix that follows the root word.

Question 23

Affix

Answer 23

An affix that occurs inside the root word.