Week 2: Module 2: Integumentary System

Question 1

Name the three layers of the skin and what sort of tissue they are

Answer 1

Epidermis; epithelium, dermis:connective tissue, hypodermis:connective tissue insulator and food source

Question 2

Describe the features of the epidermis

Answer 2

Epithelium, filled with keratin and waxy protein, living cells replaced every 35-45 days

Question 3

Describe the base of the epidermis and function

Answer 3

cells at the base are living (stem cells) and are programmed to produce keratin, as they move away from source of food(base) they start to die, leaves keratin which is tough, non-polar and impermeable layer

Question 4

Name the three cells in the epidermis

Answer 4

Melanocytes, tactile (merkel), dendritic cells

Question 5

Describe the melanocyte cells and where are they

Answer 5

In epidermis. It is a epithelial cell that makes melanin and is a protective cell type. Produces more when environment is increased in UV light

Question 6

Describe the tacticle (merkel) cells and where are they

Answer 6

In epidermis.Epithelial cell, detects touch, connect to a neuron, is a sensory cell type

Question 7

Describe the dendritic cells and where are they

Answer 7

In epidermis. Immune cells, detects invaders, monitors skin surface, connective tissue cells

Question 8

What is the second layer of the skin

Answer 8

Dermis

Question 9

Describe the dermis

Answer 9

Its the supportive layer, a lot of connective tissue, has neurons, blood vessels, receptors, hair follicles, sweat glands

Question 10

What are the two layers of the dermis

Answer 10

Papillary and reticular

Question 11

Describe the papillary layer and where is it

Answer 11

Dermis. 20% loose connective tissue, superficial, contains blood vessels

Question 12

Describe the reticular layer and where it is

Answer 12

80% dense connective tissue, a lot of collagen . dermis

Question 13

What is the inner most layer of the skin

Answer 13

Hypodermis

Question 14

Describe the hypodermis

Answer 14

Subcutaneous layer, mainly adipose tissue, insulation

Question 15

What are the four modalities of cutaneous sensations and where are most of them detected

Answer 15

Pressure, touch, temperature, pain. Most are detected in the dermis layer

Question 16

What are pain receptors called

Answer 16

Nociceptors

Question 17

What are the 4 Appendages of the skin

Answer 17

hair and hair follicles, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands

Question 18

Main type of sweat glands

Answer 18

Eccrine: most numerous esp. palms, soles, forehead, water, ions.

Question 19

Function of sweat glands

Answer 19

As heat is produced the body finds the most convenient way to secrete it - soles, etc. remove heat from core

Question 20

Second type of sweat glands

Answer 20

Apocrine: axillary and anogenital, sweat +lipid+protein +bacteria - odour empties into hair follicles

Question 21

What do sebaceous glands secrete

Answer 21

they secrete sebum, most secrete into follicles, oily, skin, softens hair and skin

Question 22

Describe hair as an appendages of the skin

Answer 22

grows from hair follicles which are in the dermis. the follicle contains the hair root which has the stem cells from growing hair, melanocytes for colour and erector pill muscle for hair movement

Question 23

Describe nails as an appendages of the skin

Answer 23

A development of the epidermis and are formed from a heavily keratinised hardened layer

Question 24

Describe glands as an appendages of the skin

Answer 24

made from cuboidal epithelium. In skin they include: sweat glands. These include eccrine glands which are most numerous and apocrine which secrete sweat and oil and are responsible for body odour