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PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE 2 - MIDTERM TEST > Week 2 - Medication Safety > Flashcards

Week 2 - Medication Safety Flashcards

1
Q

What is standard 4?

A

Aims to ensure that clinicians safely prescribe, dispense and administer appropriate medicines, and monitor medicine use.

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2
Q

What are the common errors in medication?

A
  • Incorrect admission documentation
  • Errors in prescription; incorrect dose
  • Administration of medication when there is an allergy
  • Errors in documentation
  • Failure to recognise adverse side effects
  • Lack of patient education
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3
Q

Why do nurses make mistakes while giving medications?

A
  • Similar names and packaging
  • Distractions on medication rounds
  • Rushing the task
  • Not understanding medications and their uses
  • Dangerous abbreviations
  • Not documenting at the time of administration
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4
Q

How can we prevent mistakes?

A
  • Medication history, medication management plan, reconciliation
  • National Standard Medication Chart
  • Generic names
  • Tall man lettering
  • Terminology, abbreviations and symbols
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5
Q

How to improve our medication knowledge

A
  • Valid order
  • Allergy
  • ask patient, check medication chart and look for arm band
  • AusDI & Australian Injectable Drug Handbook
    – Indication, contraindication, adverse effects,
    precautions, recommended dose …
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6
Q

What is red in injectables medicines?

A

Target tissue - Intra-arterial
Route of administration - Intra-arterial

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7
Q

What is blue in injectables medicines?

A

Target tissue - Intravenous
Route of administration - Intravenous

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8
Q

What is yellow in injectables medicines?

A

Target tissue - Neural tissue
Route of administration - Epidural, intrathecal and regional

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9
Q

What is beige in injectables medicines?

A

Target tissue - Subcutaneous tissue
Route of administration - Subcutaneous

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10
Q

What is pink in injectables medicines?

A

Target tissue - Miscellaneous
Route of administration - Any other route not specified above

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11
Q

What are the other medication routes?

A
  1. Ophthalmic medication
  2. Rectal medication
  3. Topical medication (Transdermal patches)
  4. Inhaled medication (nebuliser and inhaler)
  5. Enteral medication (NGT)
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12
Q

Explain pharmacokinetics of absorption

A

the process by which a medication passes from the source of administration into the bloodstream.

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13
Q

What factors can influence absorption

A

It is influenced by factors such as:
* body surface area, blood flow, presence of food, ability of
medication to dissolve, lipid solubility of medication
* the route of administration, such as: oral, inhalation, topical, IM, IV
* medication form, such as: liquid, capsule, tablet, enteric coated, sustained release, suppository, transdermal patches

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14
Q

Explain pharmacokinetics of distribution

A
  • is the transportation of a drug from its site of
    absorption to its site of action.
  • blood circulation, protein binding, membrane permeability
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15
Q

Explain pharmacokinetics of metabolism

A
  • the process by which a drug is transformed
    into a less active or inactive form.
  • occurs in the liver, but also lungs, kidney, intestines
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16
Q

Explain pharmacokinetics of excretion

A
  • the process by which metabolites and drugs are
    eliminated from the body.
  • mainly via the kidneys, but also intestines, lungs, skin, breastmilk
17
Q

What are some considerations when giving out medications?

A

Medication doses for the very young and older adult need to be adjusted due to pharmacokinetic variations such as:
* immature or age affected organs
* skin, intestine, liver & kidneys
* poor peripheral tissue perfusion
* higher (very young) or lower (older adult) water content
* composition of body fat
* lower plasma proteins (albumin)
* Weight

18
Q

What are some paediatric medication consideration?

A

Variables impacting on the calculation of a medication dose:
* height/length, weight, age, body surface area
* Liquid forms
* Use disposable syringe to prepare dose < 10 mL

19
Q

What are some geriatric medication consideration?

A

Precautions associated with comorbidities
* Polypharmacy – prescription, over the counter drugs, ‘sharing’
* Interactions between drugs
* Higher rate adverse effects
and mortality
* Increase risk falls, frailty
and disability

20
Q

What is the meaning of the following abbreviation - CD

A
  • CD Controlled Dose
21
Q

What is the meaning of the following abbreviation - EC

A
  • EC Enteric Coated
22
Q

What is the meaning of the following abbreviation - SR

A
  • SR Slow Release
23
Q

What is the meaning of the following abbreviation - LA

A
  • LA Long Acting
24
Q

What is the meaning of the following abbreviation - ER/XR

A
  • ER/XR Extended Release
25
Q

What is the meaning of the following abbreviation - MR

A
  • MR Modified Release
26
Q

What is the meaning of the following abbreviation - CR

A
  • CR Controlled Release
27
Q

Where should medications be stored?

A

All medications must be stored in a locked cupboard, room, drawer or trolley when not in immediate use
1 Except for emergency trolley medications
2 All medications must be stored in same container as received from Pharmacy
3 Medications must be stored in manner that minimizes medication error
4 Medication keys must be kept separate from other ward keys

28
Q

Where should Schedule 8 and
Schedule 4 Appendix D Medication be stored?

A
  • Drugs of addiction
  • Stock levels of S8 and S4D/R medications should be kept to lowest level practicable
  • Must be stored in separate medication storage unit:
    – Metal safe
    – Securely attached to floor or wall
    – Kept locked
    – Lock should be five lever lock
    – Close to CCTV monitoring
29
Q

What is the cold chain management?

A
  • System of transporting and storing vaccines within the temperature range of +20C to +80C
  • Ideal is + 50C
  • Staff in hospitals/clinics responsible for:
    – receiving
    – stocking
    – storing
    – administering
  • Must ensure cold chain is maintained at all stages

PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE 2 - MIDTERM TEST (6 decks)

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