Week 2 material Flashcards
Lamark
1. Before who?
2. What did he believe?
3. What’s the theory?
- Before Darwin
- Believed organisms arose from evolutionary process
- Lamarckism - Use + disuse for phenotypic characteristics: organisms could pass on acquired characteristics to offspring
Lamarckism theory
use: most freq used phenotype will become stronger + larger + more developed over time
disuse: least freq used phenotype will become weaker + smaller + degrade over time
What are transmembrane segments?
HYDROPHOBIC regions in membrane
What are carriers + channels composed of?
trans-helical transmembrane segments
What is TMS useful for?
for providing hints on protein’s structure
A SMALLER TMS # is indicative of
a) a smaller protein
b) a larger protein
a) a smaller protein
A LARGER TMS # is indicative of
a) a smaller protein
b) a larger protein
b) a larger protein
Evolution of channels + carriers
What came first?
a) channels
b) carriers
a) channels
How many TMS in channels? in carriers?
Channels: 1, 2, or 3
Carriers: none w/ only 1 TMS
Why is it that channels came BEFORE carriers?
Channel came first bc of low TMS #
Carriers came second bc of high TMS #
What is the MAIN difference between a carrier + a channel?
Movement
-a carrier has a binding site + can move
-a channel is a pore where movement is irrelevant
What does it mean to duplicate TMS? Will this lead to an odd and/or even # of TMS?
an EXSISTING TMS segment within a gene being copied
- Results in EVEN # of TMS
What is meant by addition of TMS? Will this lead to an odd and/or even # of TMS?
new TMS segment being inserted into the protein sequence
- can lead to odd OR even TMS #
What is morphogenesis?
biological process that shapes an organism during its development
What is the function of tubulins + where is the protein found?
eukaryotes or bacteria?
Function: cell division
Found In: eukaryotes
What is the function of Actin + where is the protein found?
Function: used for motion
Found In: eukaryotes
What is the function of intermediate filaments (IFs) + where is the protein found?
Function: structural support + organization to cells and tissues
Found In: eukaryotes
What is the function of FtsZ + where is the protein found? what protein found in eukaryotes is it similar to?
Function: essential for forming 2 cells from 1 during cell div
Found In: bacteria
Like tubulins in eukaryotes
What is the function of MreB + where is the protein found? what protein found in eukaryotes is it similar to?
Function: motion
Found In: bacteria
Like actin in eukaryotes
What is the function of crescentin + where is the protein found? what protein found in eukaryotes is it similar to?
Function: IF for bacteria
Found In: bacteria
What’s the difference between tubulins vs FtsZ in terms of structure?
Tubulins - hollow tubes
FtsZ -single strand polymers
In a phylogenetic tree, the further apart, the…
a) later the divergence occurred in time
b) earlier the divergence occurred in time
b) earlier the divergence occurred in time
What is a Divisome?
Complex of proteins that help cell division
1 stimulates, 1 regulates
1 builds, 1 disassembles
What are 2 types of Divisomes?
1) Fts - filament temperature sensitive
importance: 1 protein works at a given temp but NOT the other
2) Pep - Penicillin binding proteins
Importance: involved in cell wall synthesis
