Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIMM 120 - Microbio > Week 1 material > Flashcards

Week 1 material Flashcards

1
Q

Pyrimidines

A

C, T, U

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Purines

A

A, G

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many H bonds in G - C?

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many H bonds in A - T/U?

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Do all bp (e.g. A-T/U or G - C) have equivalent energy despite having the same # of bonds?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Laws vs Rules

A

Laws: NO exceptions

Rules: exceptions but not always

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Rule 1a: for every rule, there is an exception
When can a law turn into a rule?
Is this rule valid?

A

When an exception to a law is found
No, given the rule must have an exception too

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are rules 1a + b

A

1a: for every LAW of science, there is NO exception

1b: the more you understand, the less you need to memorize

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Variation in codon position attributed to G - C position?

aka the graph

A

Position 1: MEDIUM variation
Position 2: LEAST variation
Position 3: GREATEST variation

Most important 2 > 1 > 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which position is most important? why?

Which position is least important? why

A

Position 2 given greatest variation

Position 3 given least variation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does P1 deals w/ in terms of aa?

A

IDENTITY of aa

AKA which of the 22 aa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does P2 deals w/ in terms of aa?

A

TYPE of aa

AKA hydrophobic, semipolar, hydrophilic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does P3 deals w/ in terms of aa?

A

Wobble except in initiation

p1 is wobble in initiation: rule 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Position 2 + 3 are ALWAYS…
a) purines
b) pyrimidines

A

Purines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Position 2 is always purines. Which purine is MOST common?
a) A
b) G

A

A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

If codon P2 is T, then the type of aa will be…

A

Hydrophobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

If codon P2 is C, then the type of aa will be…

A

Semipolar aa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

If codon P2 is A, then the type of aa will be…

A

Hydrophillic + ocher + amber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

If codon P2 is G, then the type of aa will be…

A

Semipolar + opal + Arg (exception)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

P2 determined importance of P3. If P2 is C, then P3 is…
a) irrelevant
b) relevant
c) somewhat relevant

A

a) irrelevant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

P2 determined importance of P3. If P2 is A, then P3 is…
a) irrelevant
b) relevant
c) somewhat relevant

A

b) relevant

22
Q

P2 determined importance of P3. If P2 is G/T, then P3 is…
a) irrelevant
b) relevant
c) somewhat relevant

A

c) somewhat relevant

23
Q

When is wobble position important?
a) when P1 is A or T
b) when P1 is C or G

A

a) when P1 is A or T

24
Q

When is wobble position NOT important?
a) when P1 is A or T
b) when P1 is C or G

A

b) when P1 is C or G

25
Q

Why is P1 being A or T important for P3?

A

Given H bond strength of the sum of P2 + P1

26
Q

Which stop codon is the MOST used?

A

Ocher (UAA)
Weakest of ALL stop codons
Only has 6 H bonds total

27
Q

Which stop codon is the 2nd most used?

A

Amber (UAG)

28
Q

What does it mean the MORE codons you have in terms of aa?

A

The MORE codons you have, the MORE of that aa

29
Q

Rule 5: if P1 is U, p2 + p3 MUST be
a) purines
b) pyrimidines

A

a) purines

30
Q

Rule 6: what does a COMMON codon correspond to?

in regards to tRNA

A

to tRNA present in LARGE amounts (rare codons = LOW tRNA present)

31
Q

What does it mean by ZIGZAG?

A

Gene horizontally transferred from another organism w/ a diff codon freq

32
Q

Rule 7: when position 3 is important, what are the exceptions to these rules?

A

ile/met/trp/opal

33
Q

Nucleotide is essential for…

A

binding strength

34
Q

does A - T equal T - A? what orientation is stonger?

in respect to which base is in the mRNA and which in the tRNA?

A

No.
T will be in mRNA, A in tRNA

35
Q

does C-G equal G - C? what orientation is stonger?

A

NO. C in mRNA, G in tRNA

36
Q
  1. Order needed for life to occur

What happens in a CLOSED system?
Does entropy increase over time?
What enters? what leaves?
What happens to internal disorder? external?

A

Entropy/disorder INCREASES within system
Yes
Nothing enters/leaves
Disorder INCREASES internally only, external disorder remains untouched

37
Q
  1. Order needed for life to occur

What happens in an OPEN system?
Does entropy increase over time?
What enters? what leaves?
What happens to internal disorder? external?

A

Entropy INCREASES in surroundings

Yes

Matter + energy

Enters - matter in form of food + energy from food source
Leaves - matter in form of waste + energy in form of heat

Internal order INCREASES, external disorder INCREASES

38
Q
  1. All of bio is cellular - all life is enclosed in membranes

What proves this law?

A

The lipid mosaic model aka phospholipid bilayer

39
Q
  1. All of bio is cellular - all life is enclosed in membranes

Are viruses considered alive?

A

no given they lack a lipid mosaic model + require another life form + use RNA, not DNA

40
Q
  1. All of bio is cellular - all life is enclosed in membranes

Things considered alive if they have what? (2 things)

A

DNA + genes

41
Q
  1. All living things arose from evolutionary processes - DARWIN

Possibly way nano bacteria came to be?

A

they were once big bacteria but shrunk over time under possibly stressful conditions

42
Q
  1. All living things arose from evolutionary processes - DARWIN

2nd Possibly way nano bacteria came to be?

A

Nano bacteria have always been little

43
Q

What is a symbiont?

A

organisms that live in close + prolonged association w/ each other

Can be Harmful/Neutral/Beneficial to one OR both partners

44
Q

what is Episymbionts?

A

A type of symbionts - live on/in association w/ another symbiont

Dani flow - 3 way relationship composed of symbiont pair + another organism

45
Q

what is DPANN? can they survive on their own given their composition?

A

grouping of archaea based on shared characteristics + potential evolutionary links

46
Q

What kind of chromosomes do bacteria have?

A

Linear + circular + both

47
Q

What does the Endosymbiont theory encompass?

A

How mitochondria + eukaryotes arose

Bacteria invaded archaea for endosymbiosis

Eukaryotes made from Asgard archaeon - eukaryotic like genes in ribosomes + cytoplasm found inside archaea

48
Q

Aerobic pathways are found in nanobacteria.

What does this suggest? would the suggestion be correct?

A

Suggests they are aerobic but its NOT correct given they CAN’T tolerate oxygen

49
Q

MVA? MEP?

A

MVA - biochemical pathways found in Archaea

MEP - biochemical pathways found in bacteria

50
Q

What is the fundamental diff in cell membrane composition between archaea + bacteria?

A

Lipid divide. Fatty acid linkage in bacteria = eSTer and in Archaea = eTHer

51
Q

What was Darwin correct to point out? what was he wrong to point out?

A

Correct: evolution given universal codon code which shows signs of evolution + change

Incorrect: survival of the fittest > mutations
- cooperation = competition

BIMM 120 - Microbio (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions