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Thermodynamics of Process Design > Week 2 lecture 1 > Flashcards

Week 2 lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

normal force exerted by a fluid per unit area

A

pressure

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2
Q

actual pressure at a given position

A

absolute pressure

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3
Q

difference between the absolute pressure and the local atmospheric pressure

A

gauge pressure

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4
Q

a region of space containing a quantity of matter whose behaviour is being investigated

A

system

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5
Q

the mass of region outside of the system

A

surroundings

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6
Q

the real or imaginary surface that separates the system from its surroundings. Prior to any thermodynamic analysis the boundary must be defined, because it is across this boundary that heat and work are to be transferred

A

boundary

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7
Q
  • no mass transfer
  • work & heat can cross the boundary
  • called an isolated system if no energy transfer
A

closed system

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8
Q
  • mass can transfer across the boundary
  • work and heat can cross the boundary
  • analysed as control volumes
A

open systems

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9
Q

variable parameter of a process system which has a fixed balue for a given tate of the system and is independent of the way in which that state is attained

A

thermodynamic function

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10
Q

depend on the mass of molecules in the system

A

extensive properties

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11
Q

independent of the molecular mass of the system

A

intensive properties

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12
Q

time independent description of the system

A

state

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13
Q

state of balance

A

equilibrium

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14
Q

properties which are both uniform when the system is at equilibrium

A

pressure and temperature

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15
Q

a process consists of an activity and a path

A

process

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16
Q

both the fluid and its surroundings can always be restored to their original state

A

reversible process

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17
Q

criteria of reversibility

A
  • process must be frictionless
  • difference in pressure between the fluid and its surroundings during the process must be infinitely small
  • difference in temperature between the fluid and its surroundings during the process must be infinitely small
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18
Q

a change that the system cannot return to the initial state without there being a change in the surroundings

A

irreversible process

19
Q

energy which is required for the phase of something to change but not change the temperature

A

phase change energy

20
Q

fluid with some viscosity and compressibility

A

Real fluid

21
Q

Vapourised by reduction in pressure at constant temperature

A

liquid

22
Q

condensed by reduction in temperature at constant pressure

A

gas

23
Q

a gas which can be condensed either by compression at constant temperature or by cooling at constant pressure

A

vapour

24
Q

a liquid which has been cooled a few degrees below its freezing temperature

A

sub-cooled

25
Q

a liquid which has been heated above its normal boiling point without boiling occuring

A

superheated

26
Q

vapour in equilibrium with the fluid

A

saturated vapour

27
Q

energy in transition other than heat

A

work

28
Q

any form of energy transport across system boundaries not caused by a mass flow or temperature gradient

A

work

29
Q

dW =

A

-P dV

30
Q

energy in a system from the relative positions and interactions of its parts

A

internal energy

31
Q

Enthalpy equation

A

H = U + PV

32
Q

First law of thermodynamics

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed

33
Q

process with constant temperature

A

isothermal

34
Q

process with constant pressure

A

isobaric

35
Q

process with constant volume

A

isochoric/isometric

36
Q

Isothermal system
What Q =

A

Q = W

ISOTHERMAL SYSTEM

37
Q

Isochoric system
What Q=

A

mCvdT

38
Q

Isobaric system
What Q=

A

mCpdT

39
Q

Isobaric system
What W=

A

W= P dV

40
Q

Process where no heat is transferred betwen system and surroundings

A

adiabatic process

41
Q

Adiabatic process
R =

A

Cp - Cv

42
Q

Adiabatic process
γ =

A

Cp/Cv

43
Q

Any thermodynamic process that can be expressed by the reversible law pVn = constant

A

Polytropic Process

https://www.thermal-engineering.org/what-is-polytropic-process-definition/

44
Q
A

Thermodynamics of Process Design (8 decks)

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