Week 2: Leadership and Management Flashcards
An ongoing process that seeks to achieve objectives of an organization in the most efficient ways possible.
MANAGEMENT
A process by which a person influences others to accomplish an objective and directs an organization.
LEADERSHIP
A process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal.
LEADERSHIP
He/she takes the lead and directs the particular organization towards the desired objectives or goals.
LEADER
Both a research area and a practical skill encompassing the ability of an individual or organization to “lead” other individuals, teams, or the entire organization.
LEADERSHIP
Depending on the complexity of the functions of the laboratory, it can be either headed by the _______ or ________
Laboratory Director or Pathologist
Under that is the different consultants heading each section.
Laboratory Director or Pathologist
Laboratory manager is synonymous to
Chief Medical Technologist
oversees the quality aspects of the laboratory, and ensures that the laboratory is functioning in accordance to the set standards.
Quality manager
supervisors heading each section. Directly supervise the medical technologists in the section
Technical managers
TRUE OR FALSE
Depending on the capacity of the blood bank, it can either be integrated in the laboratory as a typical section or if the blood bank handles complex procedures and has a voluminous load, it can have a separate laboratory manager.
TRUE
“Leaders aren’t born, they are made. And they are made just like anything else, through hard work. And that’s the price we have to pay to achieve that goal, or any goal.”
This is a quote by?
Vince Lombardi
They set goals; and for us to achieve that goal, we have to work hard and with our teammates.
LEADERS
Theories that studies the qualities of good leaders.
LEADERSHIP THEORY
Some of the leadership aspects include:
1 Personality traits of an individual;
2 Actions;
3 Environment
4 Situation;
5 Decision-making process;
6 How input is received;
7 How relationships are maintained.
TRUE OR FALSE
For an organization to thrive, there should be congruence or harmony among the members of the organization.
TRUE
MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE
Conflicts should be left unchecked; and should not be resolved.
FALSE
Conflicts should be resolved; should not be left unchecked.
Proponent of the authoritarian, democratic, or laissez-faire leadership styles.
Lewin
Proponent of transformational leadership style.
Bass
- States that excellent leaders are born and not developed.
- Popular concept in the 19th century which states that
leadership is an inherent quality.
o This type of leader often possesses the natural attributes
of intelligence, courage, confidence, intuition, and charm
among others.
GREAT MAN THEORY
- This theory states that certain natural qualities of an
individual tend to create good leaders.
o Having certain qualities does not necessarily mean that
someone has strong leadership skills.
o However, there are some leaders that may be excellent
listeners or communicators.
TRAIT THEORY
MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE
EVERY listener or communicator makes an excellent leader.
FALSE, NOT EVERY
- This focuses on the environment rather than natural
abilities,
which shapes a person into a leader. - One of the key concepts of the behavioral theory is
conditioning.
o It states that a person would be more likely to act or lead
in a certain style as a result of the environment responses
or behavior.
BEHAVIORAL THEORY
- Studies leadership as a system of rewards and penalties.
o Uses effective leadership; hierarchical. - Prioritizes order and structure
over creativity.
TRANSACTIONAL OR MANAGEMENT THEORY
- Studies effective leadership as a result of a positive
relationship between leaders and team members. - Motivate and inspire their members or subordinates
through their enthusiasm and passion.o A model for their teams; hold themselves to the same
standards as they expect others.o Serve as examples to their team members.
TRANSFORMATIONAL OR RELATIONSHIP THEORY
- Does not relate to a certain type of leaders or claim which
leadership style is the best. - Argues that the best kind of leader is the one who is able to
adapt his/her style based on the situation. - This type of leader may respond to a situation by
commanding, coaching, persuading, participating in a
discussion or debate, brainstorming, delegating, or by
empowering team members.o This type of leader is flexible.
SITUATIONAL THEORY
- The way a leader approaches managing team members.
- Were formally developed as a result of studies on leadership
theory, and each style includes distinct qualities.
LEADERSHIP STYLES
TRUE OR FALSE
Each Leadership Style has evolved through time
TRUE
What kind of Leadership Style is this?
- Defined by a top-down approach when it comes to all
decision-making, procedures, and policies within an
organization. - Somewhat synonymous to dictatorship; only composed of
one head and all decisions comes from that particular
leader.
AUTOCRATIC OR AUTHORITARIAN
These are Pros to what Leadership Style?
o Can be efficient, especially when it comes to decision-
making
o Keeps teams cohesive and consistent since one person is
taking charge.
o May make everyone’s individual roles clearer since they’ll be
delegated specific duties and won’t be encouraged to step
outside of that role.
AUTOCRATIC OR AUTHORITARIAN
These are Cons to what Leadership Style?
o Can stifle creativity, collaboration, and innovation.
o Doesn’t lead to diversity in thought.
o May lead to disengaged individuals and teams who feel like
they don’t have a voice.
o Doesn’t allow any room for mentorship or professional
growth.
AUTOCRATIC OR AUTHORITARIAN
What kind of Leadership Style is this?
- Also commonly known as participative leadership.
- About letting multiple people participate in the decision
making process. - The leader asks for opinions from his team members.
DEMOCRATIC
These are Pros to what Leadership Style?
o Encourages collaboration;
o Inclusive of a variety of opinions and ways of thinking;
o Leads to higher group engagement and productivity.
o Can result in more creative solutions;
o The outcome is supported by the majority.
DEMOCRATIC
These are Cons to what Leadership Style?
o The minority opinion is overridden;
o The involvement of multiple people can lead to more
communication gaps and confusion;
o Can take a longer time to come to a decision;
o An unskilled or untrained group can result in more decision
making.
DEMOCRATIC
What kind of Leadership Style is this?
- An approach that involves a dominant authority figure who
acts as a patriarch or matriarch of the team. - This type of leader treats the team as though they are
members of a large, extended family.
PATERNALISTIC
These are Pros to what Leadership Style?
o Leader involves team members in decision-making;
o Leader answers the questions and provides feedback to
improve task assigned;
o Leader meets team social needs;
o Keeps the members of the team
motivated and satisfied
PATERNALISTIC
These are Cons to what Leadership Style?
o Team relies on their leader
o Sometimes, the team becomes competitive;
o Members will become dissatisfied if the wrong decisions are
made by their leader.
PATERNALISTIC
What kind of Leadership Style is this?
- This type of leadership takes a hands-off approach to
leadership and gives others the freedom to make decisions.
LAISSEZ-FAIRE
These are Pros to what Leadership Style?
o Empowers individuals to practice their leadership skills;
o Can lead to increased creativity and innovation;
o Less fear of failure;
o Encourages trust between team members and leader;
o Instill a sense of independence among the members of the
team.
LAISSEZ-FAIRE
These are Cons to what Leadership Style?
o Can encourage laziness;
o Can weaken your position;
o Can reduce productivity;
o Reduces accountability.
o Can create comfort zones.
LAISSEZ-FAIRE
What kind of Leadership Style is this?
- Defined by control, organization, and short-term planning.
- Leaders who adopt this style rely on a system of rewards
and punishment to motivate their followers.
TRANSACTIONAL
These are Pros to what Leadership Style?
o Can be an efficient way to reach short-term goals
o Clearly defines expected behavior from team members due
to the system of rewards and punishment;
o Provides structure and stability.
TRANSACTIONAL
These are Cons to what Leadership Style?
o Limits creativity, growth, and initiative;
o May not be impactful on people who aren’t driven by
extrinsic motivation;
o Can be discouraging for those who are looking for
professional and personal development opportunities;
TRANSACTIONAL
What kind of Leadership Style is this?
- Creates a vision based on identified needs and guide their
teams towards that unified goal through inspiration and
motivation.
TRANFORMATIONAL
These are Pros to what Leadership Style?
o Motivation for the team;
o Conducive to building strong relationships and encourages
collaboration among team members;
o Gives team members autonomy to do their jobs;
o Can lead to more creativity, growth, and empathy on teams.
TRANFORMATIONAL
These are Cons to what Leadership Style?
o May not be the best fit for specific organizations (i.e.
bureaucratic);
o Can cause feelings of instability while disrupting the status
quo;
o Lots of pressure on the leader, who needs to lead by
example.
TRANFORMATIONAL
According to _________, “To manage is to forecast and plan, to organize, to command, and to control.”
Henry Fayol
has given a keyword ‘POSDCORB’:
Luther Gullick
P in ‘POSDCORB’
P-lanning;
O-rganizing;
S-taffing;
D-irecting;
CO-ordination;
R-eporting;
Budgeting.
O in ‘POSDCORB’
P-lanning;
O-rganizing;
S-taffing;
D-irecting;
CO-ordination;
R-eporting;
Budgeting.
S in ‘POSDCORB’
P-lanning;
O-rganizing;
S-taffing;
D-irecting;
CO-ordination;
R-eporting;
Budgeting.
D in ‘POSDCORB’
P-lanning;
O-rganizing;
S-taffing;
D-irecting;
CO-ordination;
R-eporting;
Budgeting.
CO in ‘POSDCORB’
P-lanning;
O-rganizing;
S-taffing;
D-irecting;
CO-ordination;
R-eporting;
Budgeting.
R in ‘POSDCORB’
P-lanning;
O-rganizing;
S-taffing;
D-irecting;
CO-ordination;
R-eporting;
Budgeting.
B in ‘POSDCORB’
P-lanning;
O-rganizing;
S-taffing;
D-irecting;
CO-ordination;
R-eporting;
Budgeting.
The most widely accepted are functions of management given by
Koontz and O’Donnel
FIVE FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT
- Planning (forecasting);
- Organizing;
- Staffing;
- Directing/Leading;
- Controlling.
Most basic; deals with developing a future course of action and deciding in advance the most appropriate course of action for the achievement of the predetermined goal.
PLANNING
According to ______, planning is deciding in advance what to do, where to do, and how to do it.
Koontz
a future course of action and an exercise in problem-solving and decision-making
Plan
The process of bringing together physical, financial, and human resources and developing a productive relationship among them.
ORGANIZING
According to _______, “To organize a business is to provide it with everything useful for its’ function.”
Henry Fayol
Organizing as a process involves:
1 Identification of activities;
2 Classification of grouping of activities;
3 Assignment of duties;
4 Delegation of authority and creation of responsibility;
5 Coordinating authority and responsibility relationships.
The function of manning the organization and keeping it manned
STAFFING
Has assumed greater importance in the recent years due to advancement of technology.
STAFFING
TRUE OR FALSE
The main purpose of staffing is to put the right person or personnel on the right job.
TRUE
Part of Staffing referred to
estimating manpower in terms of searching, choosing the right person, and giving the right place;
Manpower Planning
Part of Staffing referred to
The human resource management assigned in the recruitment should screen them
Recruitment, Selection, and Placement
Part of Staffing referred to
Once they’re assigned in the section, their skills should be updated.
Training and Development
Part of Staffing referred to
In order for us to recruit or attract competent staff, they should be renumerated (paid properly).
Renumeration
The current medical technology law states that the entry-level for a medical technologist in a government institution should be at least what Salary Grade?
Salary Grade 11
Based on the 2023 Table of Salary Standardization Law, Salary Grade 27 is equivalent to how many benefits
27,000 plus
The new medical technology bill (which hasn’t been passed yet) states that the entry level for a medical technology should be ____________, which is equivalent to about 40,000.
Salary Grade 15
Part of Staffing referred to
SPMS: Performance Evaluation; done every 6 months.
Performance Appraisal
Part of Staffing referred to
▪ Based on the evaluation, it can be grounds for promotion.
▪ In a government set-up, there are different levels for a
medical technologist – I, II, III, IV, V.
Promotions and Transfer
TRUE OR FALSE FOR BOTH STATEMENTS
- Not all medical institutions have IV and V.
- Some laboratories (especially in LGUs)
have only up to Medtech II or III
TRUE FOR BOTH
What Funcyion of management do these belong to?
- Medtech I = Salary Grade 11
- Medtech II = Salary Grade 15
- Medtech III = Salary Grade 18
- Medtech IV (Section Supervisor) = Salary Grade 20
- Medtech V (Laboratory Manager or Chief Medtech) = Salary
Grade 22.
STAFFING
A part of managerial function which actuates the organizational methods to work efficiently towards the achievement of organizational purposes or group goals (inclusive of supervision, motivation, and communication.
DIRECTING
Also called the life spark of the organization
DIRECTING
Interpersonal aspect of management; deals with influencing, guiding, supervising, and motivating the subordinates or the members of the team for them to be able to achieve the organizational goals.
DIRECTING
What element of Directing does this belong to?
▪ Implies overseeing the work of the team member by their
supervisor.
▪ Act of watching and directing the work of the member of the
organization.
Supervision
What element of Directing does this belong to?
▪ Inspiring, stimulating, or encouraging team members with a
zeal to work.
▪ Types: Positive or negative reinforcement, monetary or non-
monetary incentives.
Motivation
What element of Directing does this belong to?
▪ Process in which the leader or the manager guides and
influences the work of the team member.
▪ Steer the member of the team towards a certain direction.
Leadership
What element of Directing does this belong to?
▪ Process of passing that information, experience, and opinion
from one person to another.
▪ Bridges the gap in understanding.
Communication
Implies the measurement of the accomplishments made
against the set group standards and correction of deviation
from implementation measures
CONTROLLING
The purpose is to ensure everything occurs in conformity with the standards.
CONTROLLING
Steps in Controlling
1 Establishment of standard performance;
2 Measurement of actual performance;
3 Comparison of actual performance with the standards and
finding out deviation (if any);
4 Corrective action
