Week 2: information technology, delegations, supervision, nsg process Flashcards
Information Technology
Chart or medical record, a legal record of care
- medical record is confidential, permanent, and a legal document valid in court
-nurses document reflecting the nsg process
Documentation**
Joint Commission mandates computerized databases
med rec includes- communication, legal docs, financial billing, edu, research, auditing
-reporting is to provide care amount team members
-reporting must be confidential
Elements of documentations**
types of data
factual: subjective and objective data
Subjective data- as direct quotes within quotation marks, or summarize and identify the information as the clients statement. subjective data need to be supported by objective data, chart descriptively
-Objective data- descriptive, (what nurses see, hear, feels, and smells). is never judgmental/derogatory “client paced back and forth, yelling loudly” vs “ client was angry”
Elements of documentation
Accurate and concise:
-use abbreviations/ symbols approved by Joint Commission and the facility
Complete and Current”
-is comprehesive, timely, DO NOT pre-chart
Organized:
Documentation Legal Guidelines
-start entry with date/time
-be legible, use non-erasable black ink
-no blank spaces in nsg notes
–no correction fluid, erase, scratch out, blackening of errors
-to make corrections follow facility guidelines
-sign all documents as the facility requires with names and title
-document your assessments, interventions, and evaluations, without any staff opinion
Documentation formats
Flow Sheets: show trends (vitals, blood glucose levels, pain level) very often assessed
Narrative Documentations: sequence of events is story-like
Charting by Exceptions” uses standardized forms that identify norms and allows selective documentations of deviations from those norms
Documentation using problem-oriented medical records
-organized by problem or diagnosis and consists fo a database, problem list, care plan, and progress notes
Examples:
SOAP, PIE, DAR
SOAP
Subjective data
Objective data
Assessment
Plan
DAR
Data
Action
Response
PIE
Problem
Intervention
Evaluation
Electronic health records
ar replacing manual formats
ADVANTAGES: standardization, accuracy, confidentiality, easy access for many users, easy to add on info, and easy to transfer info between facilities
DISADVANTAGES: learning the system, knowing how to correct errors, SECURITY
Change of Shift Report
-at end of shift to the oncoming nurse
-face-to-face or during rounds in each client’s room (unless the Pt is not alone)
Is Effective:
1 significant to Pt health
2. logical sequence
3. any changes in meds, Tx, procedures, and discharge plan
4. no gossip
telephone report
-useful to contact provider/another care member
IMPORTANT to
-have data ready before calling
-professional tone
-exact, relevant, and accurate data
*-Document the name of the person who made the call, who was given the information, the time, the contents of the message, and the instructions or information received during the report
Telephone/verbal Prescriptions *
-best to avoid, but can be necessary
-**have a second nurse listen
-Repeat it BACK, include the med name, dose, time, route (spell if needed)
-question any med that seems not appropriate
-make sure provider signs the prescription in person within the time frame the facility specifies (24 hrs)
Transfer Reports
-include demographic ifno
-med Dx
-health status (physical psychosocial)
-plan of care
-recent progress
-any urgent/emergent info
-directives
-vitals, medication list, doses, allergies, diet, activity, equipment/devices, resuscitation status, discharge plan teaching and family’s involvement with care.
Incidents Reports
-key to facility quality and improvement plan
-any accident, unusual event, ex (med errors, falls, missed prescription, needlesticks)
-doc facts not judgment
-do NOT refer an incident repot in a clients medical record
HIPAA
Health insurance portability and accountability act
-the Privacy Rule: standards to keep privacy of Protected Health Information
*the Privacy Rule
-nureses protect all written and verbal communication about clients
:
- only staff directily responsible for client care can access pt medical records
-clients have a right to read and obtain a copy of their medical records
-DO NOT photocopy medical records except to authorized facilities and providers
-med rec is in a secure areas/private
-electronic records are password-protected. do not share passwords
Privacy Rule
Do NOT diclose client info to unauthorized individuals/family
-many hospital use a code system to identify those who can receive info about a client
-Nurses always ask for the code if somebody asks about pt info
-communication about a client should only take place in a private setting where unauthorized individuals cannot overhear it.
Security protocol
Logg off before leaving your workstation
Do NOT share user ID/password
-Never leave med rec printed or written PHI out
-shred anything printed for reporting after use
Social precautions
Know HIPAA
Know facility policies
-DO NOT/VIEW/USE socials IN CLINICAL settings***
-never post info about your facility, clinical sites/experiences, clients, and other health care staff on social networking sites
-never take photos of clients/families
NURSING PROCESS
AAPIE
ASSESSMENT
ANALYZE
PLAN OF CARE
IMPLEMENTATION
EVALUATION
NSG PROCESS
Assessment
-initial assessment, focused assessment, and ongoing
-interview Pt/family
-comprehensive/focused physical examination
-Diagnostic and lab reports
-working w/ health care team
-Subjective data, pt feelings, perceptions and descriptions of health status
-observe and measure objective data: feel see hear and smell
Doc assessment data, concise and accurate, thorough
Analysis
Use CRITICAL THINKING: identify health statuses or problems using nsg judement
Look at data: note trends, compare data to norms
Establish priorities and outcomes of client careto select intervetnions
Setting priorities: first determine client outcomes and select specific nursing interventions
-use Maslow’s, and ABC
ABCDE**
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Disability
Exposure*
Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs
physiological needs
Safety
love/belonging
self-esteem
self actualization
Planning **
3 types:
Comprehensive planning: includes an initial assessment
Ongoing planning: modify and individualize the initial plan of care
Discharge planning: process of anticipating and planning for clients’ needs after discharge NEEDS TO START DURING ADMISSION
Nursing Care Plan: the final product
Planning forms and definition
-nurse identifies interventions to achieve optimal outcomes
Independent: nurses initiate
Dependent: is carried out under physician/supervision
Collaborative: overlapping responsibility between HC team
Planning: writing a goal using SMART
Simple
Measurable
Attainable
Relevant
Timely
Implementation
appropriate interventions
Nurse will respond to unplanned events: change in status or life threatening situation
-evidence-based
-caring and professional
-perform actions, delegate, supervise, document
Evaluation
-client response
-plan may need modification
-collect data based on outcome criteria and compare to what happend with the planned outcomes
Delegation
-give clear directions and give periodic reassessment
-RNs delegate other RNs, PNs, APs
-be aware of scope of practice for each in your state
Task Factors
Prior to delegation ***
Predictability of the outcome: is it routine? is it new Tx?
Potential for Harm:
Complexity of care: consider state practice
Need for Problem Solving and Innovation: is any support needed
Delegation Factors *
Education, training, experience
-level of critical thinking needed
- ability to communicate with others
-have competence
-facility policy
-licensing legislation by state
FIVE RIGHTS OF DELEGATION
RIGHT TASK
RIGHT PERSON
RIGHT CIRCUMSTANCE- is there any complexity
RIGHT DIRECTION AND COMMUNICATION: what data should they collect
RIGHT SUPERVISION
TASK PERSON CIRCUMSTANCE DIRECTION SUPERVISION
PNS roles and delegation
-monitor findings cant be initial
-reinforce teaching
tracheostomy care
suctioning
checking NG tube patency (opening)
Enteral feedings
forgot one
SAMPLE acronym for assessment of pts
Symptoms
Allergies
Medications
Past medical history
Last oral Intake
Event leading to visit
Subjective Data
what the pt says
how the pt is feeling
-pain, nausea, headache
Objective data
vital signs, PB, RR,
lab tests
Health history again
SAMPLE assessment
Symtoms
allergies
meds
Past med history
last PO intake
events leading to visit
