Week 2 Individual Differences

Question 1

What are the 4 factors discussed in the MARS model?

Answer 1

Motivation, Ability, Role Perception, and Situational Factors

Question 2

Can the 4 factors in the MARS model function independently of each other?

Answer 2

No. If one is absent the employee will perform the task poorly.

Question 3

Which 3 factors in the MARS model are clustered together?

Answer 3

Motivation ability and role perception. just remember that they are all dispositional factors.

Question 4

________ is the forces within a person that affect his/her direction, intensity, and persistence of voluntary behaviour.

Answer 4

Motivation

Question 5

Motivation refers to actual behaviour of a person. True or false?

Answer 5

false. these are forces and not actual behaviour.

Question 6

What is the definition of direction? What does this definition imply about motivation?

Answer 6

Direction refers to the path along which people steer their effort towards. goes to show that motivation is goal-oriented and not random.

Question 7

________ refers to the amount of intensity allocated to a goal.

Answer 7

Intensity. all about how much people push themselves to complete a task.

Question 8

_______ is the length of time that the individual continues to exert effort toward an objective

Answer 8

Employees sustain their effort until they reach their goal or give up beforehand

Question 9

Ability = _______ + _____________

Answer 9

Aptitude and learned capabilities

Question 10

Nature is to ______ as nurture is to __________.

Answer 10

aptitude, learned capabilites

Question 11

When you stop practising learned capabilities, you will still remember them after a long period of time. True or false?

Answer 11

false. will wane over time

Question 12

You want to match a person’s skills with the job requirements. How do you do it?

Answer 12

1) Recruit the person with the right skills.
2) Train them if they are lacking.
3) Redesign the job such that what they can currently do is within their limits.

Question 13

What are role perceptions?

Answer 13

The degree to which a person understands the job duties assigned to or expected of him/her

Question 14

List 3 ways in which role clarity can occur.

Answer 14

Employees have clear role perceptions when they understand the specific duties or consequences for which they are accountable.

Understanding the preferred behaviours or procedures for accomplishing tasks

Role clarity exists when employees understand the priority of their various tasks and performance expectations.

Specificity, preference of companies, priority.

Question 15

Why are role perceptions important?

Answer 15

they represent how well employees know where to direct their effort.

Question 16

List 3 ways role perceptions benefit employees.

Answer 16

Employees with role clarity perform work more accurately and efficiently, whereas those with role ambiguity waste considerable time and energy performing the wrong tasks or in the wrong way.
Furthermore, role clarity is essential for coordination with coworkers and other stakeholders.
Role clarity ensures that these expectations are met and the troupe’s performances are executed safely.
Role clarity motivates employees because they have a higher belief that their effort will produce the expected outcomes → people are more confident when they know what is expected of them.