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Therapeutics 2 > Week 2: Immunizations > Flashcards

Week 2: Immunizations Flashcards

1
Q

What is the vaccine schedule for DTaP-IPV-Hib in otherwise healthy babies

Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, Polio, Haemophilia influenza b

A

2, 4, 6, and 18 months

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2
Q

What is the vaccine schedule for Pneu-C-13

Pneumococcal Conjugate 13 (Prevnar13)

A

2 months, 4 months, 1 year

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3
Q

What is the vaccine schedule for Rotavirus, how is this vaccine administered and is it an inactive vaccine or live attenuated?

Rot-1

A

2 months, and 4 months

This is an oral vaccine and it is live attenuated

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4
Q

What is the vaccine schedule for Meningococcal Conjugate C ?

A

1 year of age (once)

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5
Q

What is the vaccine schedule for MMR, how is it administered, and is it an inactive vaccine or live attenuated?

A

MMR is administered once at 1 year of age
It is live attenuated
it is given subcutaneously

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6
Q

What is the vaccine schedule for varicella, how is it administered, and is it an inactive vaccine or live attenuated?

A

Varicella is a live attenuated vaccine, given subcutaneously at 15 months of age

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7
Q

What is the vaccine schedule for MMRV

Measles, mumps, rubella, varicella

A

4 years of age
This is a live attenuated vaccine
its given subcutaneously

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8
Q

When is Tdap-IPV administered?

Tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis, polio

A

4 years of age

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9
Q

When is hepatitis B administered?

A

Grade 7

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10
Q

when is Men-C-ACYW vaccine administered?
Meningococcal conjugate ACYW-135

A

Grade 7

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11
Q

When is HPV-9 Vaccine administered?

A

Grade 7

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12
Q

When is tdap administered?

Tetanus, diptheria, pertussis

A

14 years of age and 24 years of age

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13
Q

When is the Td Booster administered?

Tetanus Diptheria

A

Every 10 years after Tdap is given in adulthood

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14
Q

When is HZ vaccine administered?

Herpes Zoster

A

age 65

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15
Q

When is the Pneu-P-23 vaccine administered?

Pneumococcal Polysaccharide 23 (pneumovax 23)

A

age 65

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16
Q

What two vaccines are administered during pregnancy (funded by Ontario)

A
  1. Tdap in every pregnancy during 27-32 weeks of gestation
  2. Influenza every year in fall
17
Q

What is oculorespiratory syndrome?

A

This is an adverse side effect from influenza vaccine that involves:

  • bilateral red eyes
  • PLUS one or more respiratory symptom with or without facial swelling that occurs within 24 hours of receiving influenza vaccine and resolves within 48 hours
18
Q

What is the relationship between Guillain Barre Syndrome and influenza vaccine?

A

its SUPER rare to get GBS after the vaccine, BUT if you get GBS 6 weeks post vaccination then you should avoid influenza vaccine in the future

the risk of getting influenza then developing GBS is WAY higher than getting this side effect

19
Q

In what instance would you provide antiviral treatment prophylactically for influenza?

A
  • healthcare worker and public health
  • residents in LTC
  • anyone immunocompromised
20
Q

how would you treat a pregnant or breastfeeding patient for influenza?

A

Oseltamivir is the recommended 75 mg BID PO × 5 days

21
Q

how should you store vaccines?

A

if kept in fridge it should be 2C to 8C
and store in original package protected from light

22
Q

what are some of the requirements for storing vaccines in fridges?

A
  • check temp twice daily
  • place a probe in the fridge
  • DONT PLACE the vaccine in a SOLID plastic tray or container
  • place the vaccine in breathable plastic mesh basket clearley labeled
23
Q

what is the difference between an adverse reaction and a medication incident ? How do you report these

A

adverse reaction is an unwanted medication side effect and should be reported to Canadas vigilance program

Medication incident is a mistake like wrong med or dose, and should be reported to canadian medication reporting and prevention system

24
Q

what are some contraindications to live attenuated vaccinations?

A

Asthma should be optimized before giving any vaccine

Live attenuated vaccines should not be administered to individuals with severe asthma OR they have been wheezing in the seven days prior to immunization

Severe asthma means individuals currently on high dose inhaled steroids or activley wheezing

25
Q

after receiving the varicella vaccine, what medication should you avoid for 6 weeks?

A

Asprin as it has Salicylic acid in it

26
Q

what some precautions/contraindications to the MMR vaccine?

A
  • pregnancy as its a live vaccine
  • any anaphylactic reaction to the 1st dose of MMR
  • blood transfusion within 14 days
  • contraindication in patients who are immunocompromised, HIV, or who have TB
27
Q

please list in order the 4 steps you need to do when someone is having an anaphylactic reaction to immunization

A
  1. call 911
  2. Assess airway and breathing
  3. Place patient on their back with legs up
  4. Administer epi 0.01mg/kg max dose 0.5mg
28
Q

Where should you administer epinephrine?

A

in the mid-anterolateral aspect of the thigh (vastus lateralis)

the deltoid should not be used its not as effective

29
Q

if you patient is considering getting pregnant what vaccines would you advise?

A

-MMR
- Varicella

^ all are live vaccines and patient should get 28 days prior to trying to conceive

30
Q

Jimmy is 7 years old and healthy. He is UNVACCINATED but now his mom wants him to get vaccinated

would you give him the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (prevnar 13)

A

NO

the biggest risk for invasive pneumococcal disease occurs in healthy children LESS than six years of age, therefore its not recommended to get vaccinated above age 6 in healthy child, they benefit more from herd immunity

please keep in mind Prevnar 13 can also be given to the elderly above 65, but its not covered by ohip

it IS covered by ohip for adults with high risk of pneumococcal disease

31
Q

If a child has a URTI or otitis media would they still be able to get their immunizations?

A

Mild illnesses, with or without fever (e.g., upper respiratory tract infection, otitis media) do not increase the risk of adverse events following immunization or interfere with the response to vaccines. There are no associated contraindications or precautions and these should not be used as a reason to withhold or delay immunization.

The single exception is when nasal congestion is present that could impede the delivery of LAIV to the nasopharyngeal mucosa. In such cases, non-live influenza vaccine can be offered.

32
Q

What is the recommended schedule for Hep B & HPV9 vaccination in ontario for students in grade 7?

A

Its a two step vaccine

one given at 0 months then last at 6 months

33
Q

There are many different type of HPV vaccines which vaccine is included in Ontario’s publically funded vaccine program?

A

HPV-9 Gardasil vaccine

34
Q

Who receives the HPV-9 Gardisil vaccine TWO dose immunization series ?

A
  1. health grade 7-12 students who are LESS than 15 years of age
  2. high risk youth 9-14 years of age (early first sexual encounter)
35
Q

who receives the HPV-9 Gardisil vaccine THREE dose immunization series ?

A

healthy students who are greater than 15 years of age
high risk males 15-26 years of age (MSM)

36
Q

What are the clinical features of measles?

A
  1. Koplik spots (white spots on the buccal mucosa)
  2. fever more than 3 days
  3. cough
  4. conjunctivitis
  5. known exposure to pt with measles
37
Q

What viral infection can cause congenital facial defects ?

A

During the first trimester of pregnancy exposure to Rubella is the highest risk for congenital facial defects

Therapeutics 2 (12 decks)

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