Week 2: How do cells do what they do?

Question 1

Intracellular

Answer 1

The space or fluid inside of a cell, that is, within the cell membrane

Question 2

Extracellular

Answer 2

The space or fluid outside of a cell, that is, outside of the cell membrane

Question 3

Cytoplasm

Answer 3

The area and contents of the cell located within the cell membrane, but outside of the nucleus

Question 4

Organelle

Answer 4

A small specialised intracellular unit with a specific individual function

Question 5

Nucleus

Answer 5

An organelle containing the cell’s DNA (or genetic material)

Question 6

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 6

A membranous organelle, it is called rough if ribosomes are present, or smooth if ribosomes are absent

Question 7

Epithelial cell

Answer 7

A group of epithelial cells is referred to as an epithelium. Epithelium is one of the primary tissue types in the body, it is often found lining ducts and tubes, and also lining the entire outside of the body.

Question 8

Stratified

Answer 8

When epithelial cells are comprised of more than one layer they are referred to as stratified

Question 9

Squamous

Answer 9

Epithelial cells in a flattened oval shape, with a flattened nucleus

Question 10

Cuboidal

Answer 10

Epithelial cells in a square shape, often with a round nucleus

Question 11

Columnar

Answer 11

Epithelial cells in a tall rectangular shape, often with an oval shape nucleus

Question 12

Transitional

Answer 12

Epithelial cells found only in the urinary system, they allows for stretch depending on the volume of urine that is present

Question 13

Photomicrograph

Answer 13

A photo taken through a microscope, in order to visualise very small cells or tissues at a high magnification

Question 14

Microvilli

Answer 14

Small finger like extensions off an epithelial cell membrane. They act to increase surface area.

Question 15

Adipose Tissue

Answer 15

Fatty tissue, containing adipocytes (or fat cells)